马兰人工栽培技术研究

Research on Artificial Cultivatation of Kalimeris indica

研究结果表明,马兰种子采收后在常温下贮藏的时间不宜超过7个月,利用常温贮藏的马兰种子进行播种繁殖的最佳季节是种子采收后的第5～7个月即次年春季,平均出苗株数可达到364 株·m-2.设施栽培全年可采收11次,平均每隔33 d采收1次,而露地栽培全年采收9～10次,平均每隔36～40 d采收1次,全年设施栽培比露地栽培多采收1～2次、平均每次采收时间缩短2～7 d.设施栽培年均产量达9.12 kg·m-2,平均比露地栽培的年均产量5.09 kg·m-2高出79%,且设施栽培的马兰茎叶嫩、鲜、绿、涩味轻、可食率高,露地栽培的马兰茎叶较老、较粗、涩味重、可食率低.设施栽培年均净收入15.03 元·m-2,是露地栽培年均净收入5.66元·m-2的2.7倍,8个处理中以A1 × B2的处理为最好,产量达11.28 kg·m-2,年净收入19.3 元·m-2,投入产出比1∶3.3;A1×B1处理次之,产量达9.07 kg·m-2,年净收入15.3 元·m-2,投入产出比1∶3.1.

The research result showed that Kalimeris indica seeds couldnt be stored in the normal temperature for more than 7 months after harvesting , Using the stored seeds in the normal temperature to sow , the best season was 5 - 7 months after seeds harvesting , i. e. the next spring , the average seedling growing could reached 364 plants · m^-2. It could be harvested for 11 times in establishment cultivation that means it could be harvested for every 33 days in average, While cultivating in the open field, it could be harvested for 9 - 10 times in a year, harvesting in all year round establishment cultivation was more than 1 - 2 times than that in the open cultivating field, the average harvesting time is shortened for 2 - 7 days. The average yield in the establishment cultivation reached 9.12 kg · m^-2 ,it was 79% higher than that in the open cultivated field in average which was 5.09 kg · m^ -2. The leaves and stems of Kalirneris indica cultivated in establishment were more delicate, fresh, green, less acerb, higher rate of edibility ,Kalirneris indica leaves and stems cultivated in the open field were older, coarse ,high flavor of acerbity, less rate of edibility. The annual average net income cultivating in establishment was 15.03 yuan · m^-2, it was 2.7times than that cultivated in the open field which was 5.66 yuan · m^-2 , Among the 8 treatments ,the treatment A1 × B2 was the best, the output reached 11.28 kg · m^-2, the annual net income was 19.3 yuan ·m^-2 , the rate of investment and output was 1：3.3 ;The next was A1 × B1 ,the output reached 9.07 kg · m^-2 ,the annual net income was 15.3 yuan · m^-2, the rate of investment and output was 1 ： 3.1.