蝴蝶异地放飞中的生物入侵风险评估与管理

Assessment and Prevention of Invasion Risk in Live Butterfly Releasing

开展蝴蝶活体放飞活动必须有效防范潜在的外来蝶种造成入侵的风险。入侵风险指数用R表示,R=Rc.Sd,其中Rc表示风险系数,Sd表示综合风险分数。风险的评估可分两步进行:首先就幼虫寄主、冬季低温和夏季高温等决定蝴蝶种生存的关键因子对某一蝶种在当地的生存概率进行评估,求得风险系数Rc。若Rc为0,可认为引入该种后不存在生物入侵风险;若Rc为1,初步确认引入蝶种可能存在风险。对存在入侵风险的种类应进行第二步的综合因子风险评估,得出综合风险分数Sd,最后求出风险指数。当R≥20,严格禁止该种活体的引入;当20>R≥10,放飞应限定在有严格隔离措施的空间内进行;当10>R≥5,可以允许在限定的时间开展蝴蝶室外放飞活动;若R<5,该种引入后基本无风险,仍可以开展室外放飞。风险防范体系包括外来蝶种的准入,放飞方式和放飞季节的限制,放飞设施和经营管理体系的标准化、制度化,急救措施的制定以及明确风险承担责任等。

Two steps have been designed to assess the invasion risk of butterfly releasing. Firstly, the authors discussed only on four key factors, i.e. host plants, high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter, and determining if a newly introduced butterfly species could keep alive in a new territory or not. And this is decided by the value of Re, which is called as risk coefficient. If Rc is equal to 0, it means the introduction of a butterfly species is quite safe, and the adults could be permitted to be released outdoors ; if Rc = 1, it meas the invasion may take place, so intensive assessment needed to be done. In the second step, a assessment was made on many factors such as host-plant, temperatures in summer and winter, time of generation, speed of expansion spread, etc. , and give each factor a score of risk （Xi）. The scores were added together and obtained the total score Sd. The invasion risk of a alien butterfly species could be judged by the value of R, and R = Rc. Sd. If R≥20, live butterflies should not be introduced to the new territory. When 20 〉 R≥10, live butterflies should only be permitted to release in an isolated area. If R 〈 5, the adults of introduced species could be released into a non natural-protection territory. In the administration of live butterfly releasing, some important measures must be taken to guarantee the safety.