黄河三角洲湿地牧草类型及生产潜力研究

Research on the Wetland Pasture Types and the Potential Productivity of the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲地处我国暖温带季风气候区,是山东主要天然牧草植被带的农牧并重区．三角洲湿地面积747139．4hm2,其中湿地牧草植被具有开发价值的面积138000hm2,占湿地总面积的18．67％,占三角洲土地总面积(17653hm2)的7．99％．常见饲用植物54种、176种,包括灌木林牧草群丛、灌草草地群丛、高草草句群丛、低草草句群丛、浮水牧草群丛和沉水牧草群丛等六大类型,面积分别为55000hm2、15300hm2、26500hm2、10300hm2、19900hm2:和11000hm2,分别各占牧草植被面积的39．85％、11．08％、19．20％、7．46％、14．42％和7．97％．由于受水湿环境和交通条件的限制,牧草开发利用率较低,草地植被自然生产潜力较高,年总载畜潜力高达14．46万个牛单位,已成为山东重要的牧草待开发区之一．

The Yellow River Delta is situated in the warm temperature zone with monsoon climate region. This district is the natural pasture vegetation strip in Shandong. The wetland area occupies 747, 139.4 hm^2 ,and the valuable utilization area reaches to 138,000 hm^2,which occupies 18.67% of the overall wetland area and 7.99% of the Delta（17,653km^2）. The usual pasture plants have 54 families,176 species, including shrub-forest community, shrub-herbosa community, high-grass meadow community, lowgrass meadow community, floating-forage-grass community and submerged-forage-grass community. The area is 55,000 hm^2,15,300 hm^2 ,26,500hm^2, 10,300hm^2, 19,900 hm^2 and 11,000 hm^2 respectively, and respectively occupies 39.85%,11.08%,19.20%,7.46%,14.42% and 7.97% of the wetland pasture area. Because of the limitation of aquatic environments and traffic conditions, the exploitation and utilization of the pasture are low,but the potential productivity of the grassland vegetation is high. The total potential capacity of the cattle raising reaches to 13.46 units every year. It has become one of the central untapped pasture region in Shandong.