对生态屏障概念内涵与价值的认识

A Discussion on Concept Definition and Academic Value of Ecological Defence

“生态屏障”概念源于我国生态环境建设实践。学术界对此概念的科学内涵和价值进行了有益的探讨,但目前还尚未形成统一的认识。本文通过对生态屏障概念的理论与实践基础的分析,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出了对生态屏障概念的新的认识和理解,认为生态屏障就是指“处于某一特定区域的生态系统,其结构与功能符合人类生存和发展的生态要求”。在此基础上对生态屏障的社会实践意义和科学价值进行了探讨,认为生态屏障概念提出的科学价值在于它丰富和拓展了生态系统生态学的内容,促进了恢复生态学理论的发展,同时对生态系统服务功能评价提出了新的要求;其社会实践意义表现在生态屏障概念的提出强调了人与生态环境的关系,明确了生态环境建设的目标;强调了区域性和时序性原则,为生态环境建设规划与实施提供了决策指南,为生态环境建设实践中实施系统工程和长远布局提出了更高的决策目标。

The concept of ‘Ecological Defence＇ is from the ecological construction practices in China. It is not a serious academic term, but covered frequently in the Chimes media in recent year. Many provincial governments and local governments in china has taken ‘Ecological Defence＇ construction as one of their economic and social development strategies. However what does it mean？ How people reconstruct an ‘Ecological Defence＇ ？ These questions have not been clearly answered yet. At least it has not gotten an agreed understanding in academic circle. According to its initial mean, the ‘Ecological Defence＇ construction is an ecosystem reconstruction at a large scale, fairly different from the traditional ecological construction such as planting trees, planting grass and terracing slope land in small watershed which Chinese government taken in recent decades. It is humongous to that of “Ecosystem Restoration” or “ Restoration of Protective Ecosystem Functions” reported in English country. Based on analyzing its background of theory and practices, as well as another peoples＇ works on it, this paper presents a definition on ‘Ecological Defence＇ as following. The ‘Ecological Defence＇ means a complex ecosystem located in a key part of certain area, which can well meet the ecological requirements of human beings living in its functioning area. In this definition, author point out three aspects mean： ① an ecological defence is a complex ecosystem, not a simple ecosystem. It may have ,different kind of natural ecosystem and artificial ecosystem or economic ecosystem; ② It must be located in a key area which can provide ecological protection for people living in its functioning region; ③ It should he a health ecosystem and have certain functions which can meet the ecological requirement of human beings. In author＇s point of view, raising of concept of ecological defence undoubtedly enriched the content of ecosystem ecology and restoration ecology, and put forward a new requirement in scaling evaluation of ecosystem functions. To social practice, it points out clearly an arm and direction for ecological construction practice.