对汉字构形进行逻辑阐释的历史和现状

The History and Present Situation of Logically Explaining Word-formation of Chinese Characters

汉字构形的特点,先民在对文、字、书三字的构形中已有朴素的认识,《说文》从宏观上对汉字进行分类、命名及界定,从微观上对具体的一个个汉字进行因形求义,实际上是对汉字构形进行系统的逻辑阐释。由于受历史条件的局限,加之汉字系统的复杂性,其阐释是存在一些逻辑问题的。对六书重新进行界定,应从形与义的关系出发,避免类别间的相容性;而且转注、假借不是所谓的用字法而是造字法,六书的划分标准也不是所谓的按形体结构分类,而是按形与义的关系,即按以形表义的方式分类。

Ancients had simple understanding about the features of word-formation of Chinese characters by analyzing the three Chinese characters： Wen （文）, Zi （字） and Shu （书）. Shuo Wen classifies, names and defines Chinese characters as well as explains each Chinese character in accordance with the form, namely, logically and systematically explains word-formation of Chinese characters. Due to historical limitations as well as complication of Chinese character system, some Chinese characters are not explained logically. This paper redefines the classification of Chinese characters in Liu Shu which classifies Chinese characters in accordance with the relationship between forms and meanings rather than word structures