现代篮球比赛过程阶段划分及其一般应对策略

Stage Divisions and Strategies of Modern Basketball Matches

运用文献资料调查法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和比赛观察分析,对现代篮球比赛过程进行新的划分。分出符合现代规则4节比赛制和加时赛的阶段,提出比分拉开、被拉开,追上、被追上的动态情景和大分差相持、小分差相持、微分差相持的态势,以及比赛最后阶段中以时间、比分差和控制球是否为维度组合成多个比赛状态,并指出一般性的应对策略,为篮球教练员、运动员在训练和比赛中能够及时、准确地发现或预测比赛过程的情景变化,并能迅速做出正确的战术应对,以获取比赛的胜利提供参考。

With literature reviewing, specialists interview, questionnaires and matches observation, we take a new approach to divide modem basketball matches into different stages. According to the approach, basketball matches, in accordance with its rules of 4 quarters （and additional one）, is regarded as such dynamic stages as scores of both sides getting a gap, or bite, and the situations of big score gap, small or slight one. In the last period, a match goes to its variety of states, involving the dimensionalities of time, score gap, and ball possession. Concerning about this situation, a general strategy is put forward for the coaches and players to consult to win the game.