《歧路灯》程度副词“极”字考察

On the Adverb of Degree Ji in Qiludeng

作状语的“极”在清代中期以后的文献中出现的频率逐渐降低,其原因是:“极”的复音词形式“极其”、“极为”、“极端”等在某种程度上分化了“极”的使用;清代“最”与“极”的界限不甚分明使“最”可以兼有“极”的部分功能;与“极”同属于一个程度量级且与“极”界限不甚清晰的副词“很”、“非常”等在清代渐趋活跃,对“极”的使用形成挤压;作补语的“极”对作状语的“极”功能的分化。

Since mid-qing Dynasty, the number of the adverb ji in ji ＋ AP/VP in the novels decreases gradually. We give the reasons like this： Firstly, the double - syllable adverb of degree such as jiqi. jiwei ,jiduan,emerge as the substitute of ji. Secondly, the difference between the adverb of zui and ji is unclear and zui ofen takes the place of ji. thirdly, more and more adverbs,such as hen and feichang which stay in the same level with ji, become popular and can replace ji to some extent. Fourthly, the adverb ji in AP/VP ＋ ji, acting as a complement form, occupies some of the places of ji in ji ＋ AP/VP.