证据分类制度及其改革

我国证据分类制度有四个特点:一是具有某种形式主义倾向;二是构筑了封闭式的分类体系;三是倾向于细致具体的分类方式;四是类别设置有一定独特性。证据包含证据资料与证据方法,原生性与派生性的材料均可作为证据使用。改革证据分类制度,需要将“勘验、检查笔录”改为“侦查、审判笔录”,将“鉴定结论”改为“鉴定结论与鉴定人陈述”,同时将证人证言扩大解释为包括普通证人证言与专家证人证言两种类型。可以保留视听资料的分类,但仅指音像材料,而将计算机资料划出,分别归于有关的证据类型。

There are four characteristics for China＇s evidence classification system： it has certain formalistic tendency; it established close - ended classification system; it tends to have specific classification methods; its regimentation establishment is quite unique. Evidence falls into two categories of evidential material and evidential methods. Both primal and derivative material can be used as evidence. The reformation of evidence classification system includes the switch from “examination, checking notes” to “investigation, trail notes,” and the switch from “authentication conclusion” to “authentication conclusion and authenticator presentation. ” At the same time witness＇s witness should be extended to include both common witness and expert witness. The classification of audio and visual material can be kept. Yet it should exclude computer material and subject computer material to relevant evidential types.