换热技术从大型化向微小化的发展

Development of Heat Exchange Technology from Macro-sized Heat Exchange Units to Miniaturized Ones

在分析传统换热器结构特点的基础上,具体分析了目前常用紧凑式换热器的结构、性能及应用情况,阐述了微型化学(化工)机械系统的发展及应用情况。以氨冷器为例,分别进行了板翅式换热器和另一种高效的小型换热装置———热管换热器的设计,表明板翅式换热器具有更加高效的换热效率和紧凑的结构,由此综合说明了换热技术从大型化向紧凑化、微小化发展的必然趋势。进一步以典型的微型化换热器装置———微通道换热器、微通道蒸发器和微通道加热器为例,具体分析了微型换热技术广阔的应用前景。

On the basis of analyzing the construction features of traditional heat exchangers a specific analysis was conducted of the construction, performance and applications of now commonly used compact heat exchangers along with an exposition of their development and potential use in micro-sized chemico-mechanical systems. With an ammonia cooler serving as an example the design of a plate-fin heat exchanger and another kind of high-efficiency miniaturized heat exchange unit, the so-called heat-pipe heat exchanger, was respectively carried out. It can be shown that the plate-fin heat exchanger features higher heat-exchange efficiency and a compact structure. This also in a comprehensive way indicates the inevitable development trend of heat exchange technology from macro-sized units to compact and miniaturized ones. The wide prospects of the application of miniaturized heat exchange devices are specifically analyzed by citing as examples such typical miniaturized heat exchange units as micro-channel heat exchangers, micro-channel evaporators and micro-channel heaters.