略论莱布尼茨哲学与现象学的关系——从莱布尼茨到胡塞尔与海德格尔

Leibniz's Philosophy and Phenomenology——From Leibniz to Husserl and Heidegger

向来被视为理性独断论代表的莱布尼茨哲学,受到了胡塞尔、海德格尔等现象学大师的青睐,这似乎出人意料之外。实则莱布尼茨的哲学是多维度的,它的独特的直觉思想超越了近代唯理论与经验论的对峙,表现出现象学的意味,而单子论则富有生存论的因素。胡塞尔与海德格尔从各自的现象学立场出发,对莱氏哲学进行了不同的阐发,考察他们之间的关系对于我们重新理解作为莱布尼茨的思想是颇有裨益的。

It is seemingly unexpected that Leibniz's philos ophy, which is always regarded as a model of rationalistic dogmatism, is paid great attention by phenomenologists such as Husserl and Heidegger. In fact Leibniz's philosophy is multi-dimensional. His theory of intuition goes beyond the opposition between rationalism and empiricism in modern philosophy, and his monadology has elements of existentialism. Husserl and Heidegger, from their own phenomenological viewpoints, give different explanations to his philosophy. It is helpful for us to study their relations so as to reconsider Leibniz's thoughts.