氯烃类污染物的生态行为与毒理效应研究进展

Research advances in ecological behavior and toxicological effects of chlorohydrocarbon pollutants

近年来,进入到生态系统中的氯烃类有机污染物在数量和种类上迅速增加,以及由此引起的生态效应日益受到各界广泛关注,有关该类污染物的生态行为与毒理效应的研究也日益成为环境科学与污染生态学学科等相关领域的热点问题和焦点内容。为了对氯烃类有机污染物有一个较为系统的了解,首先对氯脂肪烃、氯苯和氯氟烃等三大类氯烃类污染源情况进行了分析;根据其憎水性、挥发性和稳定性的特点,对这些氯烃类有毒有机污染物在环境中的迁移行为以及在生物体内的浓缩、积累和放大行为进行了基于理论的探讨;在基于其QSARs分析的基础上,就这些化合物对鱼类的急性毒性、对视黄化合物和α-生育酚含量的影晌、可能的致畸和致突变效应以及对植物毒性效应方面的研究进行了概述,为今后氯烃类污染物相关研究工作的深入开展提供科学依据。

With the rapid increase in the amount and variety of organic pollutants entering into ecosystems, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological effects of chlorohydrocarbons, and the research on the ecological behavior and toxicological effects of chlorohydrocarbons has become a hot-spot and focusing content of environmental sciences and pollution ecology. In order to have a better understanding of these pollutants, this paper summarized the current situation of the polluting sources of chlorohydrocarbons, including chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon, chlorobenzenes and chlorofluorocarbons, and on the basis of their hydrophobic nature, volatility and stability, discussed the migratory behavior of the toxic organic pollutants in environment and their related biological enrichment, accumulation and magnification behaviors. A research progress on the acute toxicity of chlorohydrocarbons on fishes, and their influenced contents of retinoids and a-tocopheroks, possible teratogenicity, mutagenesis and phytotoxicity was reviewed by analyzing QSARs, which could provide a scientific basis for promoting the going deep into a new level in the field of chlorohydrocarbon pollutants.