遗传物质的横向传递与转基因植物的安全性

Horizontal transfer of hereditary material and security of transgenic plants

横向传递是在同种或异种生物不同个体之间沿水平方向进行遗传物质的单方向转移,有多种不同的转移方式。在生物界中,遗传物质的横向传递通常是借助某种载体如病毒来完成,高等生物还可以通过有性生殖在同种生物不同个体之间或异种生物不同个体之间传递遗传物质。基因的横向传递是普遍存在的,是生物进化的重要动力之一。转基因植物是人工遗传物质横向转移的结果,人工遗传物质横向转移正在越来越明显地影响着生物的生存状态。

The horizontal transfer of hereditary material is a one-way gene transmitting pattern between different organisms. There are several transfer patterns always recurred to some carriers such as viruses. The horizontal gene transfer not only takes place between microbial cells, but also happens between higher animals or plants, or between plants and animals. The horizontal transfer of hereditary material is ubiquitous, which is an important motivity for biological evolution. Transgenic plants are the results of genetic engineering, the one-way artificial gene transferring in plants. It is obvious that manual horizontal gene transfer has been making great effects on the organisms and the environment.