中年知识分子生存质量及其影响因素研究

STUDY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS EFFECT FACTORS OF MIDDLE-AGED INTELLECTUAL.

目的:对贵阳市中年知识分子生存质量进行调查研究,获得该人群生存质量的现状及其影响因素,为他们提供健康保健的依据,同时也为卫生部门制定相关政策提供参考。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,自贵阳市不同行业中抽取40-60岁,中专或中级职称以上的在职人员1 315名作为研究对象。在正式调查前,抽取少部分样本进行内容效度和再测信度的分析。所有研究人员进行一致性训练后,采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表(WHO-QOL-BREF)和自编的生存质量影响因素问卷在同一月份对中年知识分子采用现场自填式进行调查,获得生存质量的现状及影响因素。结果:中年知识分子生存质量和健康状况不理想:14.9%的中年知识分子生存质量较差(-x-s),70.7%的知识分子生存质量一般(-x-s^-x+s),生存质量的总分为221.77±42.85,生理领域的得分为64.37±12.92,心理领域的得分为54.22±12.84、环境领域的的得分为41.84±15.11,社会关系领域的得分为61.34±13.57。生存质量的影响因素有学历、睡眠时间、体育锻炼情况、两周患病情况、是否患有慢性病及医疗付费方式等。多因素分析影响生存质量的因素由大到小排序为体育锻炼情况、两周是否患病、是否患有慢性病、医疗付费方式、学历。结论:贵阳市中年知识分子的生存质量不理想,主要是因为心理健康状况较差,生活环境相对不好所致。

Objective： To acquire the people＇s status of the Life Quality and its effect factors by researching the life Quality of the middie-aged intellectuals in Guiyang city, to provide accordance of health care for them and to provide reference for the health department making relative policy. Methods： Stratified-cluster sampling method was used to survey 1315 intellectuals aged 40-60 years who engaged in education, academic research, administration and professional technology etc. in Guiyang city. The middle-aged people whose relative condition was similar to control group. A part of people were randomly sampled to analyze content validity and test-retest reliabihty before formal survey. The middle-aged intellectuals and the control people were surveyed by exercised reseach people with WHO-QOL-BREF profile and the Life Quality effect factors questionary in the same month. The aim was to acquire the status of the Life Quality and its effect factor. Results： The quality of life and health status of middle-aged intellectuals was not ideal： It was found that 14.9% of middle-aged intellectuals Life Quality were bad （〈x- s）, 70.7% of middle -aged intellectuals Life Quality were ordinary （x-s-x＋s）, the total score of life quality was 221.77±42.85. The effect factors of life quality were education, sleeping time, physical exercise, the disease in two weeks, chronic disease and medical expenditure etc. The result of multifactor analysis showed that the factor of effect middle-aged intellectuals from big to small was physical exercise, the disease in two weeks, chronic disease, medical expenditure and education level.Conclusion： The quality of life of middle-aged intellectuals in Guiyang city is not ideal, the main reason is the worse mental health status and the worse life environment.