我国职业足球运动员体能训练研究

Research on Physical Fitness Training of Professional Soccer Player in China

采用文献资料调研、专家访谈、问卷调查、观察、测量、数理统计等研究方法,对我国足球运动员体能特征及其训练进行了探索,结果表明,体能是一个复杂的结构系统。足球运动员身体形态粗壮,有氧与无氧能力表现为非衡补偿性,身体素质以速度力量组合为主;位置技术与体能特征关系密切;训练诊断、计划、控制和运动营养是当前体能训练组织实施的基本内容;赛季中足球运动员体能呈耗散模型,训练计划要多样并有机贯通,正态与偏态控制、弹性控制、个体训练、负荷量度要有机配合;营养量、营养比例、营养制度及特殊营养的科学实施是体能训练的重要保证。我国足球界在训练思维理念、体能特征认识和组织实施3个层面上均存在不同程度的问题。

Through using the method of literature ,expert interview,questionnaire ,observation, measurement and mathematical statistics, this paper made survey on physical fitness training and characteristics of soccer players in China. The result showed that physical fitness was complicated structural system. The body physique of soccer players was strong, aerobic and anaerobic capacity tended to unbalanced support. Speed and strength took domination in physical fitness for soccer players. There was close relation between position technique and physical characteristics. Training diagnosis, planning, controlling and sports nutrition were the basic content in implementing and organizing physical fitness training. At competition season, the physical ability of soccer players tended to depletion. Training plan should be diversity and continuity. The coordination of individual training ,training volume and elastic control should be concerned. It was the key safeguard for scientifically implementing nutrition volume, proportion and system in physical fitness training. There exist some problems for our soccer training in concept ,physical characteristics cognition and implementation.