作为叙述符号存在的人和物——论汤显祖戏剧中人和物的叙事作用

Research of the Function of the Persons and Things as Narrative Signs in Linchuan Si Meng by Tang Xianzu

“临川四梦”直接或间接地取材于唐代小说。相比较唐代相关小说《霍小玉传》、《枕中记》、《南柯太守传》、《离魂记》,汤显祖在对这些小说改编时特别注重一些人和物在戏剧中的叙事作用。在剧本中,他(它)们已突破了传统戏剧研究所划定的角色范围,承担着明显的叙事任务。汤显祖在对他(它)们的形象塑造给予关注的同时,更有意于这些人和物在戏曲中的结构能力,由此可以窥见汤显祖戏剧叙事艺术之一斑。

The content of Linchuan Si Meng （Four Dreams at Linchuan） is originated directly or indirectly from the contents of legendary novels in Tang Dynasty. Comparing these novels such as Biography of Huo Xiaoyu, The Tales in Pillow, Biography of Nanke Prefecture Chief, Li Hun Ji, Tang Xianzu has attached greater importance to the narration of the characters in a play. The characters in Tang Xianzu＇s drama, carrying out more than those functions of the characters defined in the traditional drama research, are obviously performing the narration function. Tang Xianzu, while paying attention to shaping of the characters＇ image, gives greater significance to their functions in building the whole structure of the play, from which we can find the achievement in the narrative skills of his dramas clearly.