象征:西方现代派文学的表意追求

Symbol:on the Idea-expression of Literature of Western Modern Schools

象征是人类把握世界的一种方式,人类自诞生伊始,就有了以象征性的符号来表示客观事理和主观认识的习惯。在文学作品中,象征是以象征意象来暗示表现抽象的意义。艺术家将透过生活表面现象所领悟到的形而上哲思作为艺术表达的最高目的。作家们运用超实主义创作方法,精心营构出蕴义丰富的象征意象世界。20世纪是象征型艺术的世纪,西方现代派作品中具有鲜明的表意性,这反映了西方精神危机下现代人的焦虑状态,也表现了西方现代派艺术家们的形而上探求。

Symbol is a means to grasp the world. Humans have been using symbolic signs to indicate objective principles and subjective knowledge as a habit since the beginning of their birth. In literary works, symbol is used to hint abstract meanings by way of symbolic images. Artist see through the superficial phenomena of life to understand metaphysical philosophical thoughts, which serve as the utmost aims that arts express ; while writers painstakingly and carefully construct a world with a wealth of symbolic images by using surrealistic creative methods. In the 20th century, a century of symbolic--type arts, western modern schools show clear quality of idea --express in their works, which reflects the anxious state of contemporaries in mental crisis, and probes in metaphysics of artist of western modern schools.