天人关系新论——先秦“天”的观念演进及儒家对天人关系的思考

A New Perspective on the Heaven-Man Relationship——Conceptual Evolution of Heaven and Confucian Ideology of the Heaven-Man Relationship

西周春秋时期,“天”的神秘色彩淡化,“天命”观逐渐被带有客观性和伦理性的“天道”观所代替。“人”从“天”的威势中解放出来,“人道”上升到与“天道”并列的位置。儒家又顺应这一趋势,提出了“天人合一”的天人关系论,并把“天人关系”的主题定在“人道”上。儒家为“人道”制定了“中庸”的目标和“礼”的行动指南。

Human beings＇sense of mysticism about Heaven weakened during the period of Xizhou. And the belief of Fatality was replaced by belief of the Tao of Heaven. Human beings were thus liberated from the power of Heaven and acquired equal status. Conforming to this trend, Confucians advocated that Heaven and Man are one, with the Way of Man as the central theme for the Union of Heaven and Man. Furthermore, Confucians set the doctrine of the Mean as men＇s supreme end and regard good manners as their cede of behavior.