中国湿地植被及其保护对策

Wetland Vegetation in China and Its Conservation Advices

我国湿地植物资源十分丰富,野生高等植物有225科815属2276种,具有植物种类丰富、区系成分复杂和广布种多的特点。湿地植被划分为7个植被型组,16个植被型,180个群系。湿地植被的分布受自然条件的影响和自然分异规律的控制,在东北地区、青藏高原区等不同地区具有明显的变化。湿地植物与植被正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,主要威胁因子有围垦、滥采乱挖、环境污染、肆意侵占和盲目开发等,导致湿地植物与植被持续减少、生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以满足保障湿地区生态安全的需求。根据面临的威胁和问题,应对特殊的、稀有的或作为水禽栖息地的湿地植被以及红树林加强保护,坚持保护和合理利用相结合的原则。

There were rich wetland plants in China , and 2 276 species of wild adnvanced plant living in wetlands, belonging to 815 genera, 225 families, with the characteristics of richness of plant species, complexity of floristic composition and variousness of eurytropic plant. The wetland vegetation was divided into 7 groups of vegetation type, including 16 vegetation types, 180 formations. The distribution of wetland vegetation was controlled by the natural conditions, and had diverse characteristics in different areas, such as Northeast China, Qinghai - Tibet Plateau, etc. At present, the wetland vegetations in China were subjected to some serious threats resulted from human activities, such as reclamation, environmental pollution and over - exploitation of natural resources. All the threats had resulted in the continuous degradation, even loss of wetland species in China. The requirement of local ecological balance, even national ecological security was hard to maintain. Facing to the problems mentioned above, the conservation for unusual, rare wetland vegetation, the vegetation as the habitat for waterfowl, mangroves should be implemented, and the wise use of wetland plant and vegetation should be insisted on.