互花米草入侵对潮滩生态系统服务功能的影响及其管理

Influences of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Ecosystem Services of Coastal Wetland and its Countermeasures

在分析互花米草入侵我国沿海潮滩的基础上,论述了互花米草对潮滩生态系统生物量、生物多样性、潮滩水动力和沉积过程、土壤形成和营养物质积累、植被演替序列等生态服务功能的影响。并提出应根据不同区域的潮滩特征及其开发利用方向,因地制宜充分利用互花米草的正面价值,尽量减少其负面影响。

Biological invasions, a ubiquitously ecological phenomenon, can result in serious ecological consequences to native species and ecosystems through a variety of avenues. So the ecological impact of invasive plants is one of the most important issues in the study of biological ecology. Based on analyzing the Spartina alterniflora invasion process into the Chinese coastal wetland, the paper discussed major influences of Spartina alterniflora invasion on ecosystem services. They can increase the biomass of salt marsh ecosystem by spreading on the tidal flat, and have the potential to exclude native plants by competition. They also have great influence to on the hydrodynamic status, depositional process, soil formation, nutritional accumulation and vegetation succession. Therefore, pertinent countermeasures should be taken to manage the Spartina alterniflora ecosystem. It is very important to take full advantage of Spartina alterniflora and reduce the negative effect based on flat characters and using programming.