套种羽叶决明的龙眼园节肢动物群落结构与稳定性研究

The structure and stability of arthropod community in the longan orchards interplanting with Chamaecrista nictitans cv. Minyin

对两种生态系统龙眼园节肢动物群落进行系统调查研究的结果表明,套种园节肢动物群落物种包括13目74科116种,其中植食性害虫类群53种、捕食与寄生性天敌类群35种、蜘蛛类群13种、腐生性昆虫类群15种; 单一园(CK)为12目61科85种,其中植食性害虫类群54种、捕食与寄生性天敌类群14种、蜘蛛类群6种、腐生性昆虫类群11种。在单一园中植食性害虫类群的相对多度为98.16%,捕食性与寄生性类群、蜘蛛类群、腐生性昆虫类群的相对多度分别为0.52%、0.16%、1.16%;套种园中各类群的相对多度分别为91.89%、3.07%、0.66%、4.38%;套种园捕食性与寄生性昆虫类群、腐生性昆虫类群数量及相对多度均高于单一园,植食性害虫类群数量及相对多度小于单一园。套种园与单一园相比,具有更高的丰富度、多样性、均匀度和稳定性,群落结构更合理,说明龙眼园套种羽叶决明(Chamaecrista nictitans cv.Minyin)能有效增加果园物种丰富度、多样性、提高均匀度和稳定性,对促进天敌繁衍栖息,减少害虫发生,优化群落结构,保护果园生态平衡具有重要意义,是龙眼园生物多样性保护、利用和害虫综合控制的有效途径之一。

Comparative studies on the arthropod community between simple and complex ecosystems of longan orchards were conducted at Fengtin Town of Xianyou County, Fujian Province. The results indicated that the arthropod community in complex orchard included 13 orders, 74 families and 116 species ,and in the simple orchard included 12 orders, 61 families and 85 species. In the simple orchard, the ratio of quantity of phytophagous insects, predatory and parasitic insects, spiders and metatrophic insects to the whole community were 98.16%, 0. 52%, 0. 16%, 1.16% ,respectively. Whereas in the complex orchard ,they were 91.89%, 3.07% ,0.66% and 4.38% respectively. The richness, diversity, evenness indices and stability were higher in the complex orchard than that in the simple orchard. Compared with the simple orchard, there were more abundant species, amount and percentage of natural enemies, spiders, metatrophic insects and less pests in complex orchard. It implied that interplanting Chamaecrista nictitans in the longan orchard could effectively increase the richness, diversity, evenness and stability. It was good for maintaining natural enemies and metatrophic insects in an inhabit in order to produce in the complex orchard. So interplanting the forage in the orchard could optimize the structure of arthropod community and keep ecosystem balance. It indicated a practical way of conservation and utilization of biodiversity in longan orchard ecosystem, and it orovided an effective pattern of the integrated pest management （IPM）.