思茅松松脂松节油群体的物理及化学特征

Differences of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Gum Turpentine from Simao Pine

研究了云南省思茅松脂松节油群体的相对密度、折光率、初馏点、馏程体积、旋光度和化学组成等物理和化学特征差异.结果表明:思茅松松节油化学组成种源变异丰富,松节油的旋光度是思茅松地理种源的指纹标记.根据组成和依产地从南到北的顺序,思茅松松节油可分为高α-蒎烯、高β-蒎烯和高3-蒈烯3类,前两类优级品的质量指标优于GB/T 12901-91标准要求,第3类的折光率超过GB/T 12901-91标准上限.3类间的4项质量指标、特征组分含量差异极显著;旋光度都为右旋,且差异高度显著.依产地由南向北α-蒎烯含量递减:91.08%,70.90%,42.55%;β-蒎烯递增:2.46%,21.94%,36.68%;3-蒈烯依次递增:0.62%,2.79%,11.51%;第3类的β-水芹烯和异松油烯显著高于前两类;单萜质量分数在98.74%～99.79%,而倍半萜质量分数只有0.21%～1.29%.

The differences of physical and chemical characteristics of gum turpentine group from Simao pine（Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis） in Yunnan were studied. They were relatively density, refractive index, boiling point, volume of distillation range, optical rotation and chemical compositions. The results showed that： The variation of chemical compositions of gum turpentine from Simao pine were very significant among provenances. The resources of high content 3-carene from Simao pine was first discovered. The optical rotation was fingerprint earmark of provenances of Simao pine, which was first put forward. Gum turpentine from this pine may be classified into three sorts according to the composition from south to north. The quality of products of the first and second was superior to the technology required in GB/T 12901～12902-91. But the refractive index of the third sorts was higher than the upper limit in GB/T 12901-91. The differences were very significant of four qualities index, the content of characteristic compositions among sorts. That α-piene of three sorts descending by order were 91. 08%,70. 90%,42. 55%, and β-piene increase by order were 2. 46%,21. 94%, 36.68%, and 3-carene also increase by order were 0.62%, 2. 79%, 11.51%. The content of monoterpenes from 98. 74% to 99. 79% ,and sesquiterpenes from 0.21% to 1. 29%. That β-phellandrene and terpinolene of third sort higher than other two sorts.