汉文帝“易侯邑”及“令列侯之国”考辨

A Note on Emperor Wen's Policy to Move Some Marquistates and the Decree to Order the Marquis to Return to Their Marquistates in the Han Dynasty

文帝即位之初,为削弱淮南国、齐国等王国势力,以防范和排抑功臣侯集团为名,首先在淮南国推行“易侯邑”政策,不久又发布“令列侯之国”诏,使淮南王舅父赵兼远离淮南而就国周阳。继而又在齐国推行同样政策,使齐哀王舅父驷均和齐悼惠王十子都离开齐国,分别居于济北、济南二郡。通过这一举措,文帝成功地将淮南王、齐王之子弟、外戚调离王国,置于汉郡的严密监视和控制之下,从而分散和瓦解了这两支威胁最大的王国势力。

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was faced with challenges from Huainan, Qi and other princedoms when he ascended the throne. To weaken these princedoms and contain the decorated ranking official groups, the Emperor implemented a policy of“moving some marquistates” in Huainan, followed soon after by a Decree to Order the Marquis to Return to Their Marquistates. As a result, Zhao Qian, uncle of Prince Huainan, was forced to leave Huainan and stay in Zhouyang, which was distant from Huainan. Later, the same policy was effected in the princedom of Qi, forcing Si Jun——the uncle of Prince Ai——and the ten sons of Prince Daohui of the Qi to move to the prefectures of Jibei and Jinan respectively. In this way, the Emperor succeeded in removing the children and maternal-marital relatives of the prince from the princedoms in Huainan and Qi, putting them under close supervision and control of the Han Dynasty prefectures. The two princedoms that were the greatest threat to the empire were thus weakened and dismantled.