夏商周时期的森林生态思想简析

Analysis on Forest Ecological Ideologies in Xia-Shang-Zhou Period,Ancient China

夏、商与西周三代,是中国古代文明由兴起到繁盛的重要历史时期。先民们为了发展农业而大面积毁林开荒,砍伐林木以满足生产生活需要,致使破坏森林资源的程度越来越严重,并时常引发生态危害。为了节制森林利用和减缓生态破坏,更有效地保护利用森林资源,产生了某些较原始的关于森林利用和生态保护的思想意识,包括对森林动植物的图腾崇拜,五行学说对“木”的认识,阴阳学说与生态安全,森林与生态资源持续利用等思想。在这些朴素的生态思想意识的支配和指导下,相对加强了对森林生态资源的保护和管理。

Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties were an important historic period of Chinese civilization from rise to prosperous. Ancestors deforested in large area to develop agriculture and meet needs for living and producing. So the extent of forest destroy was getting more and more heavier, and same as ecological calamities leaded. At the same time ideologies on forest and ecological protection came into being for the effective use of forest and ecological resources. It contains totem of nature, tree＇ s cognition in wuxing theory, yin-yang theory and ecological security, sustainable use of forest, etc. It was strengthened of protection and management of forest under the domination of these ideologies.