小学生欺负事件及其对心理状况的影响

Bully in Primary School and Its Impact on Psychosocial Health

目的:研究小学生中欺负事件的发生率、内容及其与心理状况的相关性。方法:采用自尊量表及自编的欺负事件、心理状况问卷对成都市某小学三、四、五年级学生521人施测,其中496人问卷全部合格。结果:①34.5%(181/496)的小学生无论是作为被欺负者还是欺负他人者卷入至少一种欺负事件,在各个类别的事件中男生都较女生更多的卷入欺负事件。②欺负事件卷人组与非卷入组相比自尊量表评分更低(17.1±3.9/18.3±3.5,t=13.69,P=0.000),更多的人诉说不快乐(18.2%比7.9%,x^2=11.36,P=0.001),感到孤独的人更多(29.8%比9.5%,x^2=33.06,P=0.000),感到自信的人更少(77.3%比87.3%,x^2=11.34,P=0.001)。③回归分析显示不同性质的欺负事件有着不同的心理健康指标为预测因子。结论:欺负事件在小学生中有较高的发生率。卷入欺负事件与小学生的各种心理问题有关。

Objective： To explore the bully behavior in primary school students and its influence on mental health of the students. Methods： Three questionnaires on bully behave, self-esteem and psychosocial health were administered to 521 primary students from the grade three, four and five in one common primary school in Chengdu, 496 of them completed all questionnaires. Results： ①36.5% （181/496） of the students been investigated were involved in bully behaviors, and there were more boys than girls involved. ② comparing students who had involved in bully and those who had not been, the result showed that the former had lower scores in self esteem （ 17.1±3.9 / 18.3±3.5, t= 13.69,P=0.000）, and more students in the involved group reported to be unhappy （18.2% vs.7.9%,X^2=11.36,P=0.001） and lonely（29.8% vs. 9.5%,X^2=33.06,P=0.000）, while less reported of feeling of self-confident （77.3% vs.87.3%,X^2= 11.34, P= 0.001）. ③regression analysis showed that bully behaviors with different severity could be predicted by different mental health status. Conclusion： Bully behavior was highly prevalent in the primary school students, and the involvement is correlated with the psychosocial health status.