身份焦虑:暴力的历史以及政治无意识

Identity Trouble: Histories of Violence and the Political Unconscious

在不断加速的全球化力量的推动下,已经受到后结构主义和后现代主义严重挑战的身份属性问题,又一次成为各派理论的关注核心,并引发了极有争议的辩论。本文考察了暴力的历史对受害者和行凶者,及其后代的身份形成所造成的影响;分析了由于民族、种族或国别的质询所引起的情感冲突,以及由此而造成的身份焦虑的三种形式;同时,从殖民受害者的角度和行凶国后代的角度探讨了文化属性以及双方的消极身份所造成的政治和心理的含义。最后指出,要构建全球化的跨文化认知模式,就必须把文化转译和文化移情的作用结合起来。

The forces of accelerated globalization has once again foregrounded the category of identity - profoundly challenged by poststructuralism and postmodernism—— into the interest of theories and triggered highly controversial debates. This paper examines how the histories of violence mark the formation of identities for both victims and for perpetrators as well as their descendants. It first illustrates three particular forms of identity trouble that emerge from emotional conflicts over ethnic, racial or national interpellations. Secondly the paper speculates on cultural belongings from the perspective of victims of colonization on the one hand and of descendants of perpetrator nations on the other, as well as the political and psychic implications of negative identity formation that occurs on both sides of the divide. In conclusion, the paper points out that to construct the model of global cultural literacy, cultural translation needs to be supplemented by the working through of cultural transference.