肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎并呼吸窘迫综合征的早期诊断和处理

Early diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by cytomegalovirus pneumonia after liver transplantation

目的探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的早期诊断和处理。方法回顾性分析2001年4月至2004年5月期间8例肝移植患者术后出现巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的临床资料。8例患者均给予更昔洛韦5mg/kg静脉滴注,2次/d;减少他克莫司(FK506)或环孢素A(CsA)1/3～1/2的用量,停用霉酚酸酯(MMF)和泼尼松;使用呼吸机辅助呼吸,同时加强支持治疗。结果8例患者中5例痊愈,3例死亡。无1例发生急性排斥反应。结论胸部X线、CT检查及临床表现是早期诊断的关键。抗巨细胞病毒治疗、调整免疫抑制剂用量、使用呼吸机辅助呼吸及有效的营养支持均是改善肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的有力措施。

Objective To study the early diagnosis and management of the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） caused by cytomegalovirus （CMV） pneumonia after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with ARDS caused by CMV pneumonia after liver transplantation in our hospital from April 2001 to May 2004 was retrospectively analyzed. All cases were treated with intravenous infusion of gancyclovir, reduced dosage of cyclosporine A or tacrolimus to 1/3～1/2 of baseline and withdrawal of MMF and prednisone. The patients were subjected to breathing machine assist ventilation and nutrition supply. Results Five patients recovered and 3 died. No one developed acute rejection. Conclusions The key of early diagnosis lies in combining chest X-ray or CT scan with clinical presentation. Administration with anti-viral drugs, adjustment of immunosuppressive agents, management with breathing machine assist ventilation and effective nutrition supply are important for the treatment of patients with ARDS caused by CMV pneumonia after liver transplantation.