福建省水稻稻米重金属污染的对应分析

Corresponding analysis on rice grain heavy metal pollution in Fujian Province

采用环境统计学方法布点采集福建省闽南、闽中和闽西北38个早晚稻稻谷样本,应用对应分析方法研究影响地区稻作类型的稻米Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cu5种重金属污染差异的主要因子,并通过主要因子揭示重金属与地区稻作类型间的关系.结果表明,福建省不同地区水稻稻米5种重金属含量与稻作类型存在较大差异,变异范围较大,其中超标率最高的是Pb,达100%,其次为Hg和Cd,分别为78.95%和50.0%,最低的是Cu,仅2.63%,而As无超标.Pb和Cd是导致地区稻作类型间差异的主要因子.聚类分析表明,38个稻谷样品可聚为7类,不同地区稻作类型,由于与污染源距离不一,受重金属污染的程度呈明显差异,体现不同的污染特征.可以认为,对不同地区稻作类型稻米重金属污染应采取地区控制与品种搭配相结合的策略,才能达到控制和消除稻米重金属污染的目的.

By the methods of environmental statistics and corresponding analysis, this paper collected 38 early and late rice grain samples from the middle, southern, northern, western and eastern parts of Fujian Province to detect their Hg, As, Cr, Cd and Pb contents, and to search for the main factors resulting in the difference of rice cropping type in different regions, aiming at further understanding the relationships between heavy metal pollution and rice cropping type. The results showed that among the test heavy metals in grain, Pb had the highest percentage （100 % ） beyond the standard level, followed by Hg （78.95 % ）, Cd （ 50.5 % ） and Cu （2.63 % ）, while As did not surpass the standard level. It therefore could be concluded that Pb and Cd were the main factors resulting in the difference of rice cropping type in different regions. The results also showed that 38 rice grain samples could be clustered into 7 groups, indicating that different rice cropping types would significantly cause different degrees of heavy metal pollution, which suggested that the best way in controlling and preventing rice grain heavy metal pollution could be the approach of combining site-controUing with variety selection, based on the situation of different regions and rice cropping systems.