黄土高原地区黄土裂隙发育特征及其规律研究

Research on Characteristics of Cracks and Fissures of Loess and Their Distribution in Loess Plateau of China

黄土中存在大量不同规模、不同成因、不同性质和不同时期的裂隙,不同裂隙之间的互相穿插、切割形成立体的网络裂隙系统。这些裂隙是分割黄土的结构面,是侵蚀土壤、洞穴的优势面,是孕育地质灾害的控制和分离面,是地下水的运移通道和储存场所,对其进行研究具有重要的科学和工程实践意义。本文对黄土裂隙进行了综合分类,系统总结了黄土高原地区自然营力作用下不同黄土裂隙的基本特征和发育规律,认为通常意义的黄土垂直节理主要是由黄土中的一部分不同成因的原生和次后期的垂向裂隙在黄土堆积过程中逐渐“生长”而成的。

By much field investigation and research, we find there are many different types of cracks and fissures in loess and they form cracks and fissures network. These cracks and fissures are structure planes of dividing loess, preponderance planes of tunnel erosion of soil, control planes of arising geological hazards and are seeping channels and storing room of groundwater. So to study on them is very important and useful. The cracks and fissures have been classified according to their size, character of mechanics, cause and time of formation. Affected by neotectonics, landform, groundwater and climate in Loess Plateau of China and by character, structure, component, granularity, age and depth of loess, characteristics and distribution of cracks and fissures of loess in Loess Plateau are different and are summed up here. We consider the commonly vertical joints in loess as to be growing up from some of the different original and secondary vertical cracks during sedimentation of loess.