中国粮食生产的区域格局变化及东北商品粮基地的响应

Regional Patterns Changes of Chinese Grain Production and Response of Commodity Grain Base in Northeast China

依据近10年的统计数据和实地调研资料,运用区域差异分析方法,对中国粮食生产的区域格局变化特征及其规律进行探讨,研究表明:中国粮食产量总体呈增长态势,年均增长率为3.43%;粮食生产重心进一步由南方向北方和由东部向中部推移,北方和中部地区成为新的增长中心;粮食生产地域变化的差异明显,南北绝对差异和相对差异变化较大,八大产区和省区间变化较小。农业生产条件、技术、宏观经济环境和土地利用方式变化是粮食生产地域格局变化的主要原因。东北作为国家粮食安全战略性基地,应对全国粮食生产的地域变化趋势,必须加强商品粮基地建设。通过农业生态环境建设、农业结构调整、商品粮基地空间布局优化等举措,促进粮食生产,保障国家粮食安全。

Grain security is one of the severe challenges to the world, especially to China in 21 century. According to statistical materials and investigation data in recent 10a, regional pattern changes of grain production in China was discussed with the methods of regional difference analysis, such as concentration index, absolute different index and relative different index. The study showed that China＇s grain production kept increasing as a whole, and the annual average ratio was about 3.43%. With the change of agricultural production condition, technology, macro-economic circumstance, market condition and land use, main gain production centers have been moving from the south to the north and from the east to the central in the last decade, so that the north and central areas become new grain production centers for the future China. Also, the difference of regional change was very evident, the biggest difference emerged between the north and south China, but the differences among provinces and the eight main production regions were not considerable. The Northeast China is one of strategic bases for national grain security, where the amount and proposition of commodity grain are both in the leading place among regions. However, grain production in this region is not stable and represented considerable fluctuation periodically, which was caused by environmental degeneration, serious natural disaster, onefold agricultural structure and fanner＇s unwillingness to promote grain production. Corresponding to the nationwide shifts in grain production, the construction of commodity grain bases in Northeast China becomes a strategic policy for the national grain security. Key countermeasures are to improve agricultural ecological environment, to adjust agricultural structure, and to optimize distribution of special commodity grain bases etc.