武夷山黄山松林主要种群的地形格局

Topographical Pattern of Dominant Populations of Pinus taiwanensis Forest in Wuyi Mountain

根据样地调查所获得的基本数据,探讨了武夷山黄山松林8个主要种群沿小地形梯度的格局特征。结果显示:黄山松种群重要值随海拔梯度的增加呈上升趋势,在>1 550 m海拔梯度上显示出明显的优势地位,其在各坡度梯度和坡向梯度上优势地位都很明显;揭示了黄山松林8个主要种群沿山地地形梯度的数量变化特征及其分布的间断状况,显示了彼此之间鲜明的地形格局差异,反映出各主要种群对地形环境的适应力及其差异。

Altitude, slope and aspect which indirectly reflected the change of heat, moisture and illumination of environment respectively being viewed as environmental gradient axis and important value of population as expression property, minor topographical distribution characteristics of dominant populations which were Pinus taiwanensis, Enkianthus quinqueflorus, Rhododendron latoucheae, Schima superba, Tsuga tchekiangensis, Pyrus calleryana, Rhododendron pachpodurn and Rhododendron fortunei in Pinus taiwanensis forest in Wuyi Mountain were discussed based on the essential data obtained by plot survey. The results indicated that increasing with ascension of altitude, Pinus taiwanensis population showed the obvious dominant station at the altitude higher than 1 550 m, as well as at all the slope and aspect gradients. Dominance of Enkianthus quinqueflorus population was obvious at each altitude gradient except the altitude of 1 550 m where the population took on absence and at the distributive aspect gradients. The important value of Enkianthus quinqueflorus was higher at the slope gradients of 30°and 35°. Rhododendron latoucheae and Schima superba populations possessed bigger important value than other populations at the altitude 1 450 m and 1 550 m, and dominant status of them was exhibited at the aspect gradients of NW0°to NW45°and exceeded Pinus taiwanensis at the slope gradient of 40°. Tsuga tchekiangensis and Pyrus calleryana which mostly distributed at the altitude range of 1 650 m to 1 950 m were both absent at the slope of 40°and the aspect gradients of NW0°to NW45°. Rhododendron pachpodurn and Rhododendron fortunei of which Rhododendron pachpodum mostly distributed at the aspect gradients of NE0° to NE90°and Rhododendron fortunei at NE0°to NE45°basically centered on the altitude of 1 650 m and 1 750 m and the slope of 25°and 35°. The study revealed the quantitative change characteristic and the discontinuous state of distribution of the eight dominant populations of Pinus taiwanensis forest in Wuyi Mountain along minor topographical gradient of mountain, showed obvious difference of the topographical pattern in relation to one another, and reflected the adaptability of dominant populations to minor topographical environment as well as the difference.