离异护士心理健康状况调查

Psychological health state of divorced nurses

目的:了解医院离异护士的心理状态,为医院护理人力资源管理政策、措施的制定与实施提供理论依据。方法:调查于2004-01/12在河南省鹤壁职业技术学院护理系完成。抽取不同类型医院的159名离异护士为观察组,其中丈夫有外遇而离异者95例,因丈夫赌博、酗酒、家庭暴力而离异者54例,其他如不育、婆媳关系不和等而离异者20例,离异后独自带孩子生活者105例。年龄23-50岁,离异时间3个月-15年,均为中专以上学历。同时随机抽取年龄、学历与观察组相似的家庭完整的护士136名为对照组。应用症状自评量表测定调查对象的心理健康水平,采用5级评分,1,2,3,4,5分别表示无、轻、中、重、极重,得分越高,精神症状越多,心理健康水平越差。同时采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表评估调查对象的抑郁及焦虑状况,均为4级评分(1-4),最高总分为80分。抑郁自评量表1-4分别表示无或偶尔,有时,经常,总是如此,<50分为正常,评定抑郁严重度指数按下列公式计算:抑郁严重度指数=各条目累计分/80,得分越高抑郁程度越重;焦虑自评量表1-4分别表示没有,小部分时间,相当多时间,绝大部分时间或全部时间,该量表的界定值50分,得分越高,提示焦虑越严重。将3种量表装订成册组成调查问卷,采用统一指导用语,在同一时间内完成,结果进行统计分析。结果:发放问卷295份,收回有效问卷295份,问卷有效率100%。观察组症状自评量表各因子得分均高于对照组,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。其抑郁自评量表及焦虑自评量表总标准分同样显著高于对照组犤(60.12±5.46,34.91±5.46),(58.76±6.80,31.98±3.43),(t=23.97-24.15,P<0.01)犦。结论:离异护士存在较严重的身心问题,心理健康水平较差。家庭、社会及医院护理管理者应对这一群体给予一定的社会支持。

AIM：To investigate the psychological state of divorced nurses in hospitals, so as to provide theoretical evidence for the draw up and carried out of the nursing personnel managerial policies or measures. METHODS：The experiment was finished in the Nursing Department of Hebi College of Vocation and Technology between January and December 2004. Totally 159 nurses aged 50-23 years, who had divorced for 3 months to 15 years, were selected from different hospitals, including 95 cases （59.74%） divorced for their husbands having an affair, 54 cases （33.96%） for their husbands＇ gambling, excessive drinking and home violence, and 20 cases （12.57%） for other reasons of inferitility, terrible relationship between mother and daughter-in-law, and 105 divorced nurses lived with children alone. Their education background was higher than secondary vocational school. Meanwhile, 136 nurses with complete family, who were similar in age and education background with those in the observational group, were selected as the control group. The psychological health level of the subjects were assessed with the symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）, the 5-grade scoring system was used, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points stood for none, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe respectively, the higher the score, the more the psychiatric symptoms, and the worse the psychological health level. The depression and anxiety were assessed with the self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, scored by 4 grades （1-4 points）, the highest total score was 80 points. The 1-4 points of SDS stood for none or occasionally, sometimes, usually, always respectively, 〈 50 points as normal, the index of depressive severity=the sum-up of all the item scores/80, the higher the score, the severer the depression. The 1-4 points of SAS stood for none, small part of time, great times, most of time or total time, the delimitation value was 50 points, the higher the score, the severer the anxiety. The 3 scales were booked as the questionnaires, and finished in the same time under the unified instruction, and then the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS：Totally 295 questionnaires were sent out, and all were valid and collected back, the effective rate was 100%. ① The factor scores of SCL-90 were all very significantly higher in the observational group than in the con- trol group （P 〈 0.001）. The total standard scores of SDS and SAS were also significantly higher in the observational group than in the control group [（60.12±5.46, 34.91±5.46）, （58.76±6.80, 31.98±3.43）, t=23.97-24.15, P 〈 0.01 ]. CONCLUSION：Divorced nurses have more serious psychological and physical problems, and their psychological health level is worse. It is sug- gested that certain social support should be given to this special group by families, s^iety and nursing managers of hospital.