家庭贫困与学业受挫大学生心理健康水平的对比

Comparative analysis of mental health between the students from poverty-stricken families and those frustrated in their study

目的:了解同属大学生弱势群体的家庭贫困大学生与学业受挫大学生的心理健康情况,比较不同类型大学生弱势群体心理健康水平的差异。方法:于2004-04/09选择萍乡高等专科学校在校大学生作为调查对象。家庭贫困组为2000级至2003级的115名大学生,学业受挫组为2003年第1学期开学初参加补考的423名不及格学生。利用萍乡高等专科学校心理咨询中心为全校学生建立个人心理档案的机会,对所有在校学生3500名进行症状自评量表的调查。依据教师和学生提供的家庭贫困大学生名单,确定家庭贫困大学生115名,并从普测的问卷中抽出其症状自评量表115份。对2003年第1学期开学初参加补考的大学生,以补考考场为单位,利用补考考试前20min,采用症状自评量表评定大学生心理健康水平。症状自评量表包含90道题,包括躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、忧郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子。评估参照全国成人常模标准:因子分<1.8分为正常;1.8～2.0分为轻度异常;2.1～3.0分为中度异常;>3.0分为重度异常。由经过培训的监考教师统一发放量表,统一指导用语,统一收回。比较分析家庭贫困大学生与学业受挫大学生的心理健康情况。结果:学业受挫组调查共发放问卷423份,收回合格问卷408份,有效率96.5%。①家庭贫困大学生与学业受挫大学生的总均分异常比率都较高,分别为49.6%和36.0%。各因子分异常比率除恐怖和躯体化项目上双方的异常比率低于35%以外,其他项目双方异常比率都在35%以上,并且强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、偏执异常比率高达60%以上。②家庭贫困大学生在总均分及强迫症状、人际敏感、忧郁、偏执、精神病性多个因子项目上的心理异常发生率显著高于学业受挫大学生,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。家庭贫困大学生与学业受挫大学生在3种程度的心理异常发生率方面,表现趋势相同,都为正态分布状,既轻度异常较少,中度异常较多,重度异常又少;但家庭贫困大学生中度异常发生率在总均分、强迫症状、人际敏感、忧郁、精神病性方面非常显著高于学业受挫大学生(P<0.01);学业受挫大学生只轻度异常在偏执方面、重度异常在躯体化和焦虑方面,差异高于家庭贫困大学生非常显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)。③家庭贫困大学生总均分明显高于学业受挫大学生,差异非常显著(P<0.01),家庭贫困大学生与学业受挫大学生在强迫、人际敏感、忧郁、偏执4个因子项目上存在非常显著的差异(P<0.01),家庭贫困大学生和学业受挫大学生,无论总均分还是各因子分,均差异高于国内青年常模非常显著(P<0.01)。④家庭贫困大学生、学业受挫大学生无论总均分还是各因子分,其异常发生率非常明显高于普通大学生,差异非常显著(P<0.01),结论:家庭贫困和学业受挫都是导致大学生产生心理卫生问题的重要原因,并且家庭贫困较之学业受挫对大学生产生的负面影响更大。

AIM： To investigate mental health in the students from poverty-stricken families and those frustrated in their study both attributive to vulnerable groups, and compare the difference of mental health among the different types of students in the vulnerable groups. METHODS： Our investigation was conducted in the college students from Pingxiang Higher Training College between April and September 2004. Totally 115 college students in Grade 2000 to 2003 were for the povertystricken family group and 423 failed college students who had attended the make-up examination at the beginning of the first semester in 2003 were for the frustrated study group. The symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） was used in all the 3 500 college students in virtue of creation of their personal files by the Center for Psychological Counseling, Pingxiang Higher Training College. A total of 115 shares of SCL-90 in 115 college students who had been confirmed poverty-stricken according to the support from their teachers and students were selected from the general survey. The SCL-90 was applied to assess the level of mental health in the college students who had attended the make-up examination at the beginning of the first semester in 2003 by using an examination room as a unit 20 minutes before the make-up examination. The SCL-90 consisted of 90 questions including 9 factors： somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The assessment was compared based on the Chinese norm for adults： the score lower than 1.8 marks as normality, between 1.8 and 2.0 as mild abnormality, between 2.1 and 3.0 as moderate abnormality, and higher than 3.0 as severe abnormity. The trained invigilating teachers delivered the questionnaires, used the instructive phraseology and then reclaimed uniformly. The mental health was compared and analyzed in the students from povertystricken families and those frustrated in their study. RESULTS： Totally 408 shares were reclaimed from the 423 shares delivered in the frustrated study group in the effective rate of 96.5%. ①The abnormal percentage of the average score of total SCL-90 was high in both poverty-stricken family group and frustrated study group, 49.6% and 36.0% respectively. The abnormal percentage of the score of somatization and phobic anxiety were lower than 35%, and that of other factors was all higher than 35%, especially that of obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and paranoid ideation higher than 60%. ②The average score of total SCL-90 and the incidence of obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, paranoid ideation and psychoticism were significantly higher in the poverty-stricken family group than in the frustrated study group （P 〈 0.01）. The incidence of three mental abnormity was in a similar tendency in the poverty-stricken family group and the frustrated study group, distributing normally： low in the mild abnormality, high in the moderate abnormality and low in the severe abnormality; But the incidence of mild abnormality in average score of total SCL-90, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and psychoticism was extraordinarily and significantly higher in the former group than in the latter group（P 〈 0.01）, and the incidence of mild abnormality in paranoid ideation and severe abnormality in somatization and anxiety were extraordinarily and significantly higher（P 〈 0.01） or significantly higher（P 〈 0.05） in the lattergroup than in the former group. ③The average score of total SCL-90 was significantly higher in the poverty-stricken family group than in the frustrated study group（P 〈 0.01）.There was significant difference in the score of obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and paranoid ideation between the two groups（P 〈 0.01）.Either the average score of SCL- 90 or the score of each factor in the two groups was significantly higher that in the Chinese norm for aduhs（P 〈 0.01）.④The ineidenee of men-tal abnormity was significantly higher in the students from poverty-stricken families and those frustrated in their study than the normal students no matter in the average score of SCL-90 or in the score of eaeh faetor（P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Poverty-stricken family and frustrated study are two important reasons for the abnormality of mental health in college students, and the poverty-stricken family has more negative influence on the mental health of eollege students than frustrated study has.