浙江大学生人际交往素质的调查分析

Inquisition and analysis on the quality of interpersonal relationship in Zhejiang university students

目的:应用美国人际交往素质问卷调查分析中国浙江大学生人际交往素质。方法:于2004-09/10选择浙江台州学院2004年度参加《公共关系学》全院公共选修课的本科一、二、三年级学生163人。采用人际交往问卷(有40个测题,分主动交往、适当拒绝、自我表露、冲突管理与情感支持共5个维度,每一维度各有8个测题)评估大学生人际交往能力水平。结果:发放问卷163份,全部回收。剔除废卷8份,获规范答卷155份。①研究工具的探索性因素分析:以人际反应性指标为效标,分析问卷的效标效度。结果发现,问卷与人际反应性指标(IRI)的总分相关值为0.85。②问卷信效度的验证性因素分析:χ2/df接近2,其他拟合指数GFI(拟合优度指数)、NFI(标准拟合指数)、AGFI(调整的拟合优度指数)、NNFI(非正态化拟合指数)、CFI(相对拟合指数)数值局限于0～1之间,平均在0.80以上,RMSEA(近似误差均方根)为0.055。③当代大学生人际交往素质特点:男女大学生仅在适当拒绝维度上存在显著差异;干部学生与非干部学生在冲突管理维度存在显著差异。此外,经多元方差分析检查交互作用,发现各自变量在5个维度上均不存在显著交互作用。如以人际交往能力问卷的主动交往、适当拒绝、自我表露、冲突管理与情感支持5个维度的百分常模比较,在5个维度上得分在30,31,31,32,37以上(15%的人高分常模,得此分比85%的人得分高),在主动交往上得高分的人数大概占总样本人数的1/4,在适当拒绝和自我表露及情感支持上得高分的人数大概占总样本人数的1/10,在冲突管理上得高分的人数大概占总样本人数的1/5。在5个维度上得分在23,24,23,24,30以下(30%的人低分常模,得此分比70%的人得分低),主动交往和冲突管理维度占总样本人数的1/3,适当拒绝和自我表露维度占总样本人数的1/2,情感支持维度占总样本人数的1/4。结论:该问卷具有基本符合心理测量学要求的信度和效度,适合在中国借鉴用来评估人际交往素质;被调查的大学生样本,大都能主动交往,但缺乏交往技巧与冲突处理技巧,关心他人不足,应该引起学校和老师的足够重视。

AIM：To analyze the quality of interpersonal relationship in China Zhejiang university students with American interpersonal relationship quality questionnaire. METHODS：163 undergraduates in first, second and third grade from Zhejiang Taizhou University, who attended the public selective course in the whole school ＂Public relations＂ in 2004, were selected from September to October 2004. The ability of interpersonal relationship was evaluated with interpersonal relationship questionnaire （with 40 questions, including 5 dimensions： initiative communication, suitable denial, self-exposure, collision management and feeling support with 8 questions in every dimension）. RESULTS：163 questionnaires were sent out, and all of them were received. Eight unqualified questionnaires were excluded, and 155 qualified questionnaires were involved, ① Exploratory factor analysis on research tool： The interpersonal reactivity index （IRI） was effective standard to analyze the validity of questionnaire, It was found that the related value of total score of questionnaire and IRI was 0,85, ② Verifiable factor analysis on reliability and validity： The X%2/df was near to 2, and numeric values of goodness of fit index （GFI）, normed fit index （NFI）, adjusted goodness-of-fit index （AGFI）, non-normed fit index （NNFI） and comparative fit index （CFI） were limited between 0 and 1, over 0.80 averagely, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.055. ③ Characteristics of interpersonal relationship in students nowadays： There were significant differences on the dimension of denial only between boys and girls; There were significant differences on the dimension of collision management between cadre students and non-cadre students. Besides, it was found that every independent in the 5 dimensions had no significant interaction after multiple factors analysis of variance. If compared with the percentage of initiative communication, suitable denial, self-exposure, collision management and feeling support in the interpersonal relationship questionnaire, the scores were over 30,31,31,32 and 37 in the 5 dimensions （15% with high score norms, who had higher scores as compared with those with 85%）. The people who had high scores accounted for a quarter of the total exponent numbers in initiative communication. The people who had high scores accounted for one tenth of the total exponent numbers in suitable denial, serf-exposure and feeling support. The people who had high scores accounted for one fifth of total exponent numbers in collision management. Those had less than 23,24,23,24 and 30 points in the 5 dimensions （30% with low score norms, who had lower scores as compared with those with 70%）. The score on initiative communication and collision management accounted for a third of the total exponent numbers; The suitable denial and self-exposure accounted for a half of the total exponent number; The feeling support accounted for one fourth of the total exponent number. CONCLUSION：The questionnaire has the reliability and validity that according with the requirement of psychometrics mostly, and is suitable to evaluate the quality of interpersonal relationship for Chinese; Most of the tested university students can communicate initiatively, but lack of communication technology, disposal collision way and caring for others, which should be paid enough attention by school and teacher.