基层部队士兵幸福感状况分析

Analysis on the condition of grass-root soldiers'well-being

目的:探讨基层部队士兵的幸福感状况,为基层部队士兵心理教育提供依据。方法:于2003-11/2004-04以建制连队为单位,运用整体取样法,集中选取南京军区集团军作战部队的基层士兵439人作为被试。采用苗元江博士编制的综合幸福问卷对基层士兵进行幸福感状况调查。综合幸福问卷系对主观幸福感和心理幸福感理论框架和测评指标加以整合编制而成。它包括生活满意、正性情感、负性情感、生命活力、健康关注、利他行为、自我价值、友好关系、人格成长9个维度50个项目。采用7级计分:1=明显不符合,2=不符合,3=有些不符合,4=中等,5=有些符合,6=符合,7=明显符合。采用自述幸福感作为衡量整体幸福感水平。项目为:“评价你在整个生活中的幸福/痛苦体验”,按9个等级评定,1=非常痛苦,2=很痛苦,3=痛苦,4=有些痛苦,5=中等,6=有些幸福,7=幸福,8=很幸福,9=非常幸福。测试前用同样的指导语讲明测试目的,并请带兵军官回避,以打消士兵的顾虑。采用集中团体测试方式,匿名独立填答,问卷当场收回。结果:发放问卷450份,收回合格问卷439份。有效回收率97.6%。①全体被试自述幸福感均分为5.71±1.27,具体频数分布为自述幸福中等占39.6%,有些幸福占20.7%,幸福占19.4%,有些痛苦占8%,很幸福占6.6%,痛苦占3.9%,非常幸福占1.8%。非常痛苦0%,很痛苦0%。②综合幸福问卷9个维度中除正性情感略低于中值(4分),负性情感较低外,大多数维度均在中值即中等程度以上,得分较高的依次为健康关注、自我价值、利他行为、友好关系、生命活力、人格成长、生活满意、正性情感和负性情感。基层部队男兵的负性情感均分显著低于女兵,差异显著,其余8项差异不明显。③基层部队士兵与地方大学生相比:在生活满意、负性情感、生命活力、健康关注、利他行为和人格成长上,基层部队士兵均高于地方大学生;在友好关系上,基层部队士兵低于地方大学生。基层部队士兵与军校大学生相比:在生活满意上,基层部队士兵高于军校大学生;在正性情感、生命活力、自我价值和友好关系上,基层部队士兵均低于军校大学生。差异均有统计学意义。④在自述幸福感上,基层部队士兵低于地方大学生(5.71±1.27,6.13±1.60,t=-7.61,P<0.001),也低于军校大学生(5.71±1.27,6.17±1.75,t=-6.98,P<0.001)结论:基层部队士兵的综合幸福问卷绝大多数维度均分都在中值以上,正性情感略低于中值;士兵个人对幸福感的自我评价(自述幸福感)位于中点(含中点)以上者占88.1%,士兵总体幸福感状况良好。基层部队男兵的负性情感显著低于女兵。基层部队士兵的自述幸福感低于地方大学生和军校大学生;基层部队士兵的幸福感与地方大学生、军校大学生有差异。

AIM： To evaluate the condition of grass-root soldiers＇ well-being, .so as to provide evidence for their mental education. METHODS： Taking a company of organizational system as an unit, we selected the soldiers from some grass-root troops of a group army in Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from November 2003 to April 2004 with the method of whole sampling. Totally 439 grass-root soldiers were investigated with the multiple happiness questionnaire （MHQ） constructed by Dr. Miao Yuan-jiang. The MHQ was edited by integrating the theories frame with the index signs of the measurement of subjective well-being （SWB） and psychological well-being （PWB）. It included life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, life vitality, health concern, altruism commitment, self-value, friendly relationship and personal development, totally 9 dimensions and 50 items. The score was accounted on 7-point scale： 1 =not to match obviously, 2=not to match, 3=some not to match, 4=medium, 5=some to match, 6=matching, 7=matching obviously. In addition, avowed happiness （AVH） was adopted to measure the level of general well-being, This item was ＂evaluate your happines/suffering experience in the whole life＂, and the score was accounted on 9-point scale： 1=extreme suffering, 2=very suffering, 3=suffering, 4=some suffering, 5=medium, 6=some happiness, 7=happiness, 8=very happiness, 9=extreme happiness. The same guidance was used to tell the test purpose before test, and then let the military officer get around to cancel the concern of the subjects. The test was adopted in concentrative .group, and the questionnaires were filled in independently and anonymously, and then the questionnaires were taken back on the spot. RESULTS＂ 439 valid questionnaires of 450 questionnaires were taken back. The valid recovery rate was 97.6%. ①The mean score of AVH of grassroot soldiers was 5.71±1.27. The concrete frequencies were listed as follows： The number of the cases whose AVH score was ＂medium＂ was 39.6%, ＂some happiness＂ was 20.7%, ＂happiness＂ was 19.4%, ＂some suffering＂ was 8%, ＂very happiness＂ was 6.6%, ＂suffering＂ was 3.9%, ＂extreme happiness＂ was 1.8%, and none felt ＂extreme suftbring＂ and ＂very suffering＂. ②Exeept the score on positive affect was slightly lower than mean score （M=4）, and that on negative affect was lower, most aspects of grass-root soldiers in MHQ were all over the mean score, namely, median. The higher scores in proper order were： health concern, self-value, altruism commitment, friendly relationship, life vitality, personal development, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. Negative affect of grass-root servicemen and servicewomen had significant differences, the score for grass-root servicemen was lower than that for grass-reot servicewomen, and the rest 8 factors had no significant differences. ③Thc comparison between grass-root soldiers and local university students： Grass-root soldiers and local university students had significant differences in life satisfaction, negative affect, life vitality, health concern, altruism commitment and personal development, and in these categories the scores for grass-root soldiers were higher than those for local university students; the score on friendly relationship for grass-root soldiers was lower than that for local university students. The comparison between grass-root soldiers and military university students： the score of life satisfaction of grass-root soldiers was higher than that for military university students; grass-root soldiers and military university students had significant differences in positive affect, life vitality, self-value and friendly relationship, and in these categories the scores for grass-root soldiers were lower than those for military university students. There were statistical differences between glass-root soldiers and military university students. ④ The score on AVH for grass-root soldiers was lower than that for localuniversity students（ 5.71±1.27,6.13±1.60,t=-7.61, P〈0.001 land also lower than that for military university students （ 5.71 ± 1.27,6.17 ± 1.75, t=-6.98, P〈0.001 ）. CONCLUSION： Most aspects of grass-root soldiers in MHQ were all over the mean score namely medium, and the score on positive affect was slightly lower than the mean score （M=4）. The self-evaluation of well-being of the grass-root soldier individual （avowed happiness） over the middle point （containing the middle point） was 88.1%, and the total condition of the grass-roots soldiers＇ well-being was good. The score on negative affect for grass-root servicemen was lower than that for grass-root servicewomen. The score on AVH for grass-root soldiers was lower than that for loeal university students and military university students, The well-being of grass-root soldiers had differences in comparison with the local university students and military university students.