军队离退休干部抑郁状态发生率及相关因素调查

Incidence rate and related factors of depressive state in retired military officers

目的:调查军队离退休干部抑郁状态的发生率及相关因素,提出相应的干预措施。方法:随机选择16所干休所中无智能障碍及言语障碍的离退休干部为调查对象,年龄58～93岁,调查在2004-05/06进行。运用老年抑郁量表(共30项,总分30分,0～10分正常,11～20轻度抑郁状态,21～30中重度抑郁状态)进行测试。同时自制问卷对其相关因素进行调查。从中得出抑郁状态的发生率及抑郁的危险因素。结果:发放问卷467份,收回完整问卷446份。①446人中有抑郁状态的42人,抑郁状态的发生率为9.4%。②相关因素:生活自理能力丧失、业余爱好少和睡眠差者较生活自理、业余爱好多、睡眠好者容易发生抑郁(5/5比37/404;12/17比30/404;18/34比24/388;P<0.001),不与子女同住(23/139)、丧偶者(3/5),共患疾病多(18/118)、女性(5/19)也易发生抑郁(P<0.05)。结论:军队离退休干部的抑郁状态发生率中等,对具有不能自理、平时业余爱好少、不与子女同住、丧偶、女性、身患多种疾病等特征的老人要多加注意,多与他们交流、沟通,给予心理疏导。用老年抑郁量表进行测试,尽早发现抑郁状态的老人。如有必要,一些抗抑郁药物可以减轻他们的精神症状。

AIM： To investigate the incidence rate and related factors of depressive state in the retired military officers, and provide the intervention strategies. METHODS： The investigation was carried out in May and June 2004, retired military officers aged 58-93 years without intellectual disorder and language disorders, who were selected from 16 entertainment center for retired cadres, were evaluated with geriatric depression scale （GDS）, which consisted of 30 items, the total score was 30 points, 0-10 as normal, 11-20 as mild depression, 21-30 as moderate to severe depression. Meanwhile, they were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire to get the incidence rate of depressive state and the risk factors of depression. RESULTS： Totally 467 GDS questionnaires were sent out, and 446 complete ones were collected back. ① 42 cases of the 446 subjects had depressive state, and the incidence rate was 9.4%.② Related factors： Depression occurred more easily in those witb self-care disability, lack of hobby, poor sleep than in those with self-care ability, more hobby and good sleep （5/5 vs 37/404; 12/17 vs 30/404; 18/34 vs 24/388; P〈0.001）, it also easily occurred in those who did not live with children （23/139）, loss of spouse （3/5）, more comorbidity（18/118） and female （5/19） （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The incidence of depressive state in the military retired officers is moderate. We should pay attention on the elderly people with self-care disability, lack of hobby, living alone, without spouse, female or more comorbidity, we should talk with them usually and give them psychological interventions. GDS can be used as a screening tool to find the depressive elderly as early as possible. If necessary, some antidepressive drugs may be used to ameliorate the psychological symptoms.