运动员心脏与运动

Athlete's heart and sports

目的:长期的运动训练可以使机体发生生理和生化上的适应,心输出量增加,动静脉氧差增大。分析运动诱导心脏血流动力学的变化和心肌肥大有助于区分病理性心肌肥大,为运动健身提供依据。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1989-01/2005-03关于运动员心脏的相关文献。检索词“exercise,athlete’sheart”,并限定语言种类为英文。同时检索中国期刊全文数据库http://www.cnki.net1989-01/2005-03关于运动员心脏的相关文献,检索词“运动员心脏和运动”,限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取与运动员心脏相关文献。并查找全文,排除重复性研究及经验和个案报告文献。资料提炼:在检索85篇文献中有31篇文献是关于运动员心脏与运动,运动心脏与血流动力学的变化等研究的文献。删除6篇重复性研究;对25篇进行资料整理,选用其中16篇作为参考文献。资料综合:在持续性运动期间运动诱导心肌肥大是心输出量增加的生理基础。超声的研究结果表明大部分的运动员具有中等程度的心肌肥大,但有一小部分运动员显示出较大程度上的心肌肥大。影响左室肥厚的因素包括遗传特征、性别、年龄、种族以及运动项目。结论:除受运动训练影响外,运动员不同程度上心肌肥大的变化表明基因、内分泌以及生物化学的方面的因素同样影响心脏的大小。

OBJECTIVE： Long-term physical training is associated with several physiological and biochemical adaptations which enable an increase in cardiac output and widening of the systemic arterio-venous oxygen difference.To analyze that the changes of heart hemodynamics induced by exercise and myoeardium hypertrophy are helpful to differ the pathologic myocardium hypertrophy and provide evidence for exercise. DATA SOURCES： We searched the Medline for related articles on athlete＇s heart published from January 1989 to March 2005, using the key words ＂exercise,athlete＇s heart＂, and limited the language to English. Meanwhile, we searched China Journal Full-text Database （CJFD） http：//www.cnki.net for related literatures on athlete＇s heart, using the key words ＂athlete＇s heart and exercise＂ and limited the language to Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： After the first selection, the articles on athlete＇s heart were collected. The full textes were searched, and the literatures of repetitive researches, experiences or individual case were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Among the 85 articles, 31 articles were on athlete＇s heart and exercise and changes of exercise heart and hemodynamics etc. Six articles on repetitive research were excluded. The rest 25 were classified and sorted, and 16 of them served as references. DATA SYNTHESIS： During continuous exercise, myocardium hypertrophy induced by exercise was the physical basis of the increase in cardiac output. The research result of ultrasound indicated that most of the athletes had myocardium hypertrophy in middle degree, but a small number of athletes showed myocardium hypertrophy in severe degree. The factors affecting thickening of left ventricle included heredity feature, sex, age, ethnicity and exercise item. CONCLUSION： Except the effects of movement training, the changes of myocardium hypertrophy in different degree indicate that gene, endocrine and biochemistry also affect the size of heart.