经皮穴位电刺激后鼠耐力训练中体能的变化(英文)

Changes in physical fitness of mice and rats in endurance training after transcutaneous electrical stimulation

背景:运动性疲劳一直是运动医学界研究的热点和难点。及时有效地消除运动性疲劳及预防过度疲劳的发生直接关系到运动训练的效果、运动成绩的提高和运动员的健康。长期的医疗实践证明,中医药疗法安全有效、方便价廉,而针灸在运动医学领域的应用多局限于运动损伤和运动性疾病治疗方面,在防治运动性疲劳方面的研究则较少。目的:考虑到在实际训练中针灸运用的局限性,本实验主要观察无创的经皮穴位电刺激法对鼠体能的影响。设计:随机对照实验。单位:武汉体育学院运动医学教研室及上海中医药大学针推学院。材料:实验于2002-06/2003-06在上海中医药大学针推学院完成。实验动物:①4周龄昆明种健康雄性小鼠20只,随机分为空白对照组和经皮穴位电刺激组,每组10只。②未经训练的健康SD大鼠30只;随机分为空白对照组组、训练对照组和经皮穴位电刺激组,每组10只。方法:对负重游泳时间和耐缺氧时间的影响:应用G6805-A型电针治疗仪(选用双相非对称脉冲,宽度0.5ms,脉冲电压峰值控制在2V,频率选用随机变化的疏密波,频率疏密变化范围230Hz),对所选穴位(相当于人体的百会、命门)在每天训练前对经皮穴位电刺激组昆明种小鼠进行15min刺激。然后置于水深30cm、水温25℃±0.5℃的游泳槽中,在小鼠尾根部系以体质量的10%的负荷让其负重游泳,用秒表记录从实验开始至力竭所需时间为力竭游泳时间,力竭游泳时间的判定标准为当小白鼠用尽全力后,头部开始无法冒出水面,继之下沉至容器底部时为止。锻炼时间7d,末次实验后将小鼠放入50mL的密闭玻璃瓶,内置10g钠石灰,用秒表记录其停止呼吸的时间(窒息时间)。对大鼠跑台疲劳时间和体质量的影响:经皮穴位电刺激组和训练对照组每天在动物跑台上以15-27m/min的速度运动,30min/次,持续运动14d。其中第7天和第13天各休息1d。皮电刺激方法同上。疲劳判断标准为奔跑大鼠在接受刺激后仍跟不上预定速度,大鼠滞于跑台后半段,连续遭电击3次以上。实验前后用普通天平称取大鼠体质量。主要观察指标:实验前后小鼠游泳力竭时间和耐缺氧时间、大鼠跑台疲劳时间及体质量变化。结果:实验中所有动物均顺利完成实验,无实验原因引起动物死亡。①对负重游泳时间和耐缺氧时间的影响:经皮穴位电刺激组小鼠第1天、第7天游泳至力竭时间较空白对照组显著延长[(38.78±4.33),(30.08±3.12)min;P<0.01];[(41.35±3.45),(30.11±3.23)min,P<0.01]。经皮穴位电刺激组第7天比第1天力竭时间明显延长(P<0.05)。经皮穴位电刺激组耐缺氧时间较空白对照组显著延长[(40.91±4.69),(32.96±4.15)min,P<0.01]。②对大鼠跑台疲劳时间和体质量的影响:空白对照组实验前后疲劳时间相差不大(P<0.05);训练对照组和经皮穴位电刺激组实验前后疲劳时间差异明显(P<0.05);经皮穴位电刺激组和训练对照组与空白对照组相比实验后抗疲劳时间明显延长[(165.50±13.70),(101.50±21.87),(23.33±10.46)min,P<0.01]。各组大鼠实验后体质量较实验前均有不同程度的增加(P<0.05);经皮穴位电刺激组大鼠体质量增加幅度较其他两组小,但差异无显著性。结论:经皮穴位电刺激组鼠无论在游泳力竭时间、跑台疲劳时间上,还是在耐缺氧时间上都有显著提高;实验后鼠体质量增加明显,而皮电刺激组增加幅度最小,差异无显著性。经皮穴位电刺激法是中医针灸疗法与物理疗法的一种合理综合,具有安全便捷、实用有效的特点。

BACKGROUND： Sport fatigue has been all along the hotspot and difficulty in the study of sport medicine. To eliminate sport fatigue and prevent from excessive fatigue effectively and in time is related directly to the results of sport training, improvement of sport achievement and health of athletes. It has been verified during long-term medical practice that the therapies in Chinese medicine are safe, effective, convenient and economical, in which, acupuncture is limited in the treatment of sport injury and sport disease in sport medicine. But, there is few study of it on prevention and treatment of fatigue. OBJECTIVE： Due to the limitation of acupuncture in practical training, this experiment is to observe the effects of atraumatie transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on physical fitness in mice and rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled experiment was designed. SETTING： Department of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education;College of Acupuncture ＆ Massage, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine MATERIALS： The experiment was performed in Acupuncture and Massage College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2002 to June 2003. Experimental animals： ① There were 20 Kunming healthy male mice of 4 weeks old, which was randomized into blank control and transcutaneous aeupoint elec, trical stimulation group （TAES group）, 10 mice in each one. There were, 30 SD rats without being trained, which was randomized into blank control, training control and TAES group, 10 rats in each one. METHODS： Effect on loaded swimming time and hypoxia endurance time： G6805-A electric acupuncture apparatus （bipolar non-parallel pulsating, 0.5 ms in width, 2V of peak value in pulsating voltage, randomized alternated disperse-dense wave at the range of 2 to 30 Hz） was used. The points selected （corresponding to baihui and mingmen in human body） were stimulated for 15 minutes before being trained every day in TAES group on Kunming mice. The mouse was placed in a swimming trough, 30 cm deep, at （25±3.5）℃ of water temperature, with 10% load of body mass on the tail for loaded swimruing. Exhausted swimming time was recorded with stopwatch from the beginning of experiment to the exhaustion. The identifying criteria of exhausted swimming time： when the small white mouse was exhausted, the time was recorded since its head was unable to expose on the water surface till it was sunk to the bottom. The training lasted 7days. After the last experiment, the mouse was placed in a 50 mL airtight glass bottle with 10 g lime sodium and the time of breathing stop was recorded with second （asphyxia time）. Effect on desk fatigue time and body mass in rats： in TAES group and training control, the rats exercised on the animal running desk at 15-27 m/min, 30 rain/ time, for 14 days continuously. The exercies stopped once on the 7^th day and the 13^th day respectively. The transcutaneous electric stimulus was same as the above. Identifying criteria of fatigue： the rat could not followed prearranged speed after the stimulation and retarded on the posterior half section on the desk, and it was stimulated with electricity over 3 times. Body mass of rat was measured with common scale before and after experiment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Exhausted swimming time and hypoxia endurance time of mice before and after experiment, desk fatigue time and change in body mass in rats. RESULTS： All of the animals accomplished the experiment smoothly andno one was died of experimental factor. ① Effect on loaded swimming time and hypoxia endurance time： the exhausted time in TAES group on the 1st and 7^th days was prolonged significantly compared with blank control group [（38.78±4.33）, （30.08±3.12） minutes; P 〈 0.01 ] ; [（41.35±3.45）, （30.11 ±3.23） minutes, P 〈 0.01]. The exhausted time in TAES group on the 7^th day was longer remarkably than that on the 1^st day （P 〈 0.05）. The hypoxia endurance time in TAES group was longer significantly than blank control group [（40.91±4.69）, （32.96±4.15）minutes, P 〈 0.01]. ② Effect of desk fatigue time and body mass in rats： the difference of fatigue time before and ,after experiment was not big in blank control group （P 〉 0.05） and the difference was remarkable before and ,after experiment in training control and TAES groups （P 〈 0.05）. Antifatigue time ,after experiment in TAES group and training control group was prolonged remarkably compared with blank control group [（ 165.50±13.70）,（ 101.50±21.87 ）, （23.33± 10.46）minutes, P 〈 0.01]. The body mass of rat was increased at different degrees after experiment compared with that before experiment in each group （P 〈 0.05）, of which, the increasing amplitude of rat mass in TAES was less than the rest two group, but without significant difference. CONCLUSION： A significant improvement is achieved in TAES group no matter in swimming exhausted time, desk fatigue time, or in hypoxia endurance time. The body mass is increased remarkably after experiment, but the increasing amplitude in TAES group is the smallest, without significant difference. Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation is a kind of rational integration of acupuncture in Chinese medicine with physical therapy, characterized as safety, convenience, practice and efficacy.