食药两用菌及植物对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

EFFECTS OF 3 EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL FUNGI AND 2 PLANTS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MICE

目的研究虫草菌丝粉(Cordyceps sinensis)、蛹虫草粉(Cordyceps militaris)、灵芝超细粉(Ganoderma lucidum)等3种食药两用菌和苦瓜粉(Momordica charantia)、桑叶粉(Folium mori)2种植物样品对正常及糖尿病小鼠血糖调节的影响.方法筛选空腹血糖在3～5 mmol·L-1之间的小鼠作为正常动物模型,随机分组,每组10只.高血糖动物模型组:禁食24 h后给予尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶75 mg·kg-1.72 h后,尾静脉取血测血糖值,并选用血糖值10 mmol·L-1以上者再按血糖水平随机分成1个对照组(以同体积注射用水灌胃)和5个样品组.所有样品组均分别以上述3个食药两用菌和2个植物样品,每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃给药28 d后,进行空腹血糖和糖耐量测定.结果 3种食药两用菌和2种植物与正常对照组相比差异均无显著性.而虫草菌丝粉样品组动物0 h、0.5 h和2 h时相的血糖分别较高血糖对照组降低52.4%、41.3%、55.8%(P<0.01);蛹虫草粉样品组动物0 h、0.5 h和2 h时相的血糖也分别较高血糖对照组降低30.5%、26.6%和52.2%(P<0.05,P<0.01);灵芝超细粉样品组动物则显示在0.5 h和2 h时相的血糖较高血糖对照组分别降低20.3%和39.9%(P<0.05,P<0.01);此外,苦瓜粉样品组动物仅表现在2 h时相的血糖较高血糖对照组降低23.0%(P<0.05),其他差异均无显著性.结论 虫草菌丝粉、蛹虫草粉、灵芝超细粉和苦瓜粉能显著抵抗或减缓吸收外源性葡萄糖的作用,其中虫草菌丝粉和蛹虫草粉能显著降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖,但对糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量未见有明显的改善作用.

Objective To investigate the effects of three kinds of edible and medicinal fungi （ Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma luc/dum） and two kinds of plants （Momordica charantia and Folium mori） on blood glucose level in normal and experimental diabetes mice. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 normal model groups （ 1 normal control and 5 treated groups）, another 60 mice were injected with 75 mg· kg^-1 alloxan to induce diabetes. These diabetic mice were also divided into 6 groups （ 1 control and 5 treated groups）. The above components were given intragastricaUy to the treated groups for 28d and then caudal venous blood glucose were determined. Results These edible and medicinal fungi, and plants had no obvious effects on blood glucose level in normal mice, but among the diabetic mice, the levels of blood glucose were obviously decreased in treated mice. The levels of blood glucose （postprandial 0 h, 0.5 h, and 2.0 h）, were 52.4% ,41.3% ,55.8% less respectively （P 〈 0.01） in Cordyceps sinensis diabetic group, and 30.5% ,26.6% ,52.2% less respectively （P 〈 0.05, P,0.01） in Cordyceps militaris diabetic group than in diabetic control group. The levels of blood glucose （postprandial 0.5 h, 2.0 h） in Ganoderma lucidum diabetic group, and that（postprandial 2.0 h） in Momordica charantia diabetic group were 20.3 %, 39.9 %, and 23.0% less respectively （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ） than in diabetic control group. Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis, and Cordyceps militaris could obviously decrease the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic mice. In addition, Cordyceps sinensis, C.anoderma lucidum, Cordyceps militaris, and Momordica charantia might also resist the increase in blood glucose induced by exogenous glucose, but no obvious effect on the blood glucose tolemce.