28种植物提取物对松材线虫的毒杀作用

Biological Activities of Extracts of 28 Species of Plants against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

测定了采自广东、湖南、云南和新疆的骆驼蓬等15科28种植物提取物对松材线虫的生物活性。骆驼蓬、黄文江鱼藤、紫花山毛豆、厚果鸡血藤、雷公藤、了哥王、博落回等7种植物甲醇索氏提取物杀线虫活性强烈,以1 000μg/mL处理后72 h,校正死亡率均在88%以上。乙醇是骆驼蓬杀线虫活性成分较合适的提取溶剂。浸渍法测定结果表明,骆驼蓬种子乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物对松材线虫毒杀活性顺序强弱依次为:正丁醇>氯仿>水>石油醚萃取物,其中正丁醇萃取物处理后24 h和48 h,LC50分别为33.98μg/mL和10.18μg/mL。松枝水培试验结果表明,骆驼蓬种子正丁醇萃取物能明显延缓松材线虫引致的松树萎蔫病的发展,以250μg/mL处理后12 d病情指数仅0.17,显著低于“清水+虫”处理的病情指数0.75。

Bioactivity of extracts of 28 species of plants （belong to 15 families） collected from Guangdong Province, Hunan Province, Yunnan Province and Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in China against mixed instar of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were reported. Results showed that extracts of Peganum harmala L. , Derris elliptica Benth, Tephrosia vogelii Hook F, Millettia pachycarpa Benth, Tripterykgium wilfordii Hook F, Wikstroemia indica C. A. Mey and Macleya cordata （Willd.） R. Br possessed strong nematocidal activity. All the methanol extracts at a concentration of 1 000 g/mL caused the corrected mortalities were more than 88% against B. xylophilus by dipping bioassay after treatment 72 h. The nematocidal activities of ethanol seeds of P. harmala were significantly stronger than extracts of methanol, acetone, ethylacetate, methylbenzene, hexane, petroleum ester, chloroform and water. Petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and water extracts were isolated by the primary separation of ethanol extract of the seed of P. harmala. Among these extracts , n-butanol extract exhibited the strongest activity. The values of LC50 were 33. 98 g/mL and 10. 18 g/mL against B. xylophilus after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Results of pot test revealed that 250 g/mL of n-butanol extract of P. harmala could effectively control the pine wood nematode disease caused by B. xylophilus and got 0. 17 of disease index, which was significantly lower than 0. 75 of disease index got from ＂water ＋B. xylophilus＂ treatment. All results showed that P. harmala deserved to research further to develop biorational nematocide.