杂交水稻三系不育系选育的实践与思考

Practice and Thinking of Breeding of CMS Lines in Hybrid Rice

回顾了杂交水稻三系不育系15 a来选育的实践,总结了选育杂交水稻三系不育系的经验与体会。1)利用籼粳交加花药培养快速稳定技术选育三系不育系及其保持系,育种难度大,成效低;2)选育优质不育系,低代品质鉴定是关键;3)不育系异交结实率的选择,应从柱头外露率和田间自然异交结实率两方面考虑;4)有针对性地进行个别性状的遗传改良选育新的不育系,可以达到事半功倍的效果;5)选育抗稻瘟病水稻不育系是非常必要的,应加强这方面的工作。

Fifteen years of breeding practice in CMS lines of hybrid rice by the Crop Genetic Improvement Institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, was reviewed and the successful experiences were summarized, 1） It was difficult to develop CMS lines and their maintainer lines by way of indica-japonica hybridization plus anther culture, and its breeding efficiency was low; 2） Quality identification in early generations was key in breeding fine quality CMS lines. 3） In selection of outcrossing rate of CMS lines, both stigma exsertion rate and field natural outcrossing rate should be considered. 4）It might get twice the result with half the effort to improve the existing elite CMS lines in only one unfavorable trait. 5）It was necessary to develop blast-resistant CMS lines, so the breeding of CMS lines with good blast resistance should be strengthened.