中国农村工业化的发展阶段及特征

Industrialized Stage and Characteristics of the Countryside of China

中国农村工业化从19世纪的第一次浪潮到现在大体分为四个发展阶段,呈现出不同的特点:1.解放前的中国近代农村工业化,发展较快,且具有爱国主义的特质。2.从建国到改革开放前的社会主义建设初期阶段,由于认识上的偏差、资金严重短缺及长期的赶超战略,农村工业化进程缓慢。3.从改革开放到社会主义市场经济体制目标确立前,政府决策决定着农村工业化的走向,发展速度快,但效益低下。4.社会主义市场经济目标确立至今,外商投资促进了农村工业化的发展,基本实现农村工业私有化,乡镇企业的作用增大,地区差距日益显著。

China＇s rural industrialization starts relatively late, develops slower.From the first tide in the 19th century, it went through four historical courses, modern rural industrialization before the liberation, moderate rapid, with patriotic feature; slow rural industrialization in the initial stage of socialization, from the founding of PRC to the reform and opening up, for bias in recognition, fund shortage and spanning strategyl fast but low-efficient industrialization under the control of government, before clarifying the target of socialist market economy; and later, a FDI-injection process realizing privatized rural industry and extension of town enterprises＇ roles, while an ever-increasing gap among regions is emerging.