青藏高原地气温度之间的关系

The Relationship between Air Temperature and Ground Temperature in the Tibetan Plateau

应用多元线性回归分析方法,对位于40°～25°N,75°～102°E范围内的119个气象观测台站的1991-2000年平均气温和地面温度观测资料进行分析,获得了研究区域的月平均气温、地面温度与纬度、经度和海拔高度间关系的线性统计系数.统计结果和实测资料的比较以及统计分析的相关系数结果表明,高原地区的气温、地面温度和它的年较差与经度、纬度及海拔高度具有很好的相关性.应用曲线拟合方法将所得统计分析系数拟合成时间函数,就可将高原地区的气温和地面温度表示成统一的空间坐标和时间的函数.如果将已验证的1991-2000年平均地面温度与气温差统计结果作为气温与地面温度间关系的实验结果,那么,就可以解决长期困扰多年冻土预报研究中在任意已知时间和空间点上气温条件下,难以确定影响多年冻土温度状况变化上边界条件的变化这一难题.这一结果对于目前正在进行的青藏铁路冻土工程和环境预报研究具有重要意义.

Multivariable linear regression has been applied to analyze the recorded data of annual mean air temperature and annual mean ground temperature from 119 meteorological stations from 1991 to 2000 in the Tibetan Plateau. The linear statistic coefficients between monthly mean air temperature, monthly mean ground temperature and latitude, longitude and elevation in the research region are obtained. It is demonstrated that the air temperature, ground temperature and their annual ranges in the Tibetan Plateau are highly correlated with corresponding latitude, longitude and elevation. It is indicated that the air temperature and ground temperature in the plateau can be expressed as functions of location coordinates and time. Taking the validated statistic results of annual mean air temperature and annual mean ground temperature from 1991 to 2000 as the experimental results between air temperature and ground temperature, it will contribute to the determination of upper boundary condition of permafrost at any time and any site. These results are of great significance to under-construction Qinghai-Tibetan Railway and to the prediction of permafrost environment.