中国2000年水足迹的初步计算分析

Estimation of Water Footprint of China in 2000

水足迹是指在一定的物质生活水平下,维持一定人群消费所需要的总的水资源数量.由于考虑了社会经济系统中虚拟水的消费量,水足迹真实地反映了一个地区人类消费对水资源的占有情况,为水资源科学管理提供了非常有用的信息.引入水足迹的概念和计算方法,分析了中国各省2000年人均水足迹.结果表明,西北部省份水足迹较大,南部和中东部省份水足迹较小,青海省水足迹最大,其值为935.75 m3.(人.a)-1,广西水足迹最小,其值为466.31 m3.(人.a)-1.全国平均水足迹为601m3.(人.a)-1.分析了几个典型省份水足迹的构成,并探讨了降低水足迹以缓解水资源压力的几条途径.

The concept of water footprint has been developed in order to have an indicator of water use in relation to consumption of people. The water footprint of a country/region is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region. Closely linked to the water footprint concept is the concept of virtual water concept. Virtual water is defined as the volume of water required to produce a commodity or service. There are two ways to calculate the water foot- print. Firstly, the water footprint of a nation /region can be assessed by taking the use of domestic water resources, subtract the virtual water that flows out the country/region and add the virtual water that flow in the country/region. Secondly, the water footprint can be calculated by multiplying the amount of production of goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region with the virtual water content of the corresponding products which often expressed in terms of cubic meters of water per ton of the product （=liters/kg）, add the amount of domestic living water consumption. In this paper, the concept of water footprint and its calculation are put forward. Then the water footprint is computed by provinces of China in 2000. The result shows that in Northwest China the water footprint is higher than that in South and East China. Qinhai Province has the highest water footprint, 935.75m^3·（人·a）^-1 Guangxi Region has the least water footprint, 466.31m^3·（人·a）^-1. The average water footprint of Chinais 601m^3·（人·a）^-1 The structures of water footprint in some typical provinces in China are also analyzed, and some ways to reduce the water footprint are bring forward in order to alleviate water scarcity.