2～5岁儿童愿望理解能力的发展

Development of Desire Understanding by Children Aged between 2 and 5 Years

愿望理解是儿童心理理论的重要组成部分.研究选取2～5岁的儿童79名,使用简单愿望推理任务、愿望形成理解任务、冲突愿望理解任务、对自己过去愿望理解任务以及对他人愿望理解任务,系统地探讨愿望理解的层次性.实验结果表明,儿童在对自己过去愿望理解任务中的成绩比简单愿望推理、愿望形成理解和冲突愿望理解中的成绩要好,在冲突愿望理解任务中的成绩比对他人愿望理解的任务要差.说明儿童的愿望理解能力包含着多个方面,其发展步调并不一致,具有一定的顺序性.

Desire understanding is one of the important components of children＇s theory of mind. 5 tasks were used to examine the existence of multi-levels in desire understanding. 79 children by Children Aged between 2 and 5 Years participated in these tasks which were simple desire reasoning, desire formation understanding, conflicting desire understanding, own-past desire understanding and other＇s desire understanding. Results showed that different developmental characteristic in different tasks. All children did much better in own-past desire understanding than that of simple desire reasoning, desire formation understanding, and conflicting desire understanding. And the resuits also showed other-desire understanding was better than conflicting desire. This research revealed that children＇ s desire understanding contained many aspects, which developed at different pace.