试论“的”字语用功能的同一性——“的”字逆向凸显的作用

On the identity of the pragmatic function of the particle de(的)

从句法分布上看,'的'字形成偏正结构和非偏正结构两个层面的对立,可以分成'的a'和'的b'两类:'的a'分布于偏正结构;'的b'分布于非偏正结构.从语用上看,二者又具有同一性,都是逆向凸显其前面的某个成分:'的a'凸显其前面的偏项,'的b'凸显其前面的施事、条件、动作、状态等成分.'的a'是原型,有句法和语用两种功能,它的语用功能派生出'的b'.'的b'凸显对比焦点.

In syntactical distribution, the constructions formed with de falls into two contrastive categories: the attributive and the non-attributive. In the former case, de is marked de (a)while in the latter de(b). Pragmatically there is identity in the two, that is, they refers to some element preceding them: de(a)to the attributive and de(b)the agent, condition, action, manner, etc. de(a), the prototype, has its syntactical and pragmatic functions and de(b), which shows the prominently the contrastive focus, is but the derivation from the pragmatic function of de(a).