人与自然关系的经济学思考

Economic Pondering on the Relationship between Man and Nature

原生自然是指原本存在的自然,供给人生存条件和资源,二者存在供需关系。通过人的行为而改变了的自然是人为自然,人通过劳动将自然物制成物品,二者出现了交换关系和分配关系。原生自然对人类的供给和容纳人类的供给是无限的,供需完全可由市场调节。随着人改造自然的加深,原生自然向人为自然转化,无限自然向有限自然转化,市场调节的作用受到限制,需要由政府宏观调控来解决。

The primary nature is the one existing as it was, providing mankind with survival environment and resources. There is a supply-demand relation between nature and man. In contrast, the nature affected by man's activities is called man-made nature, in which man changes natural objects into products. As a result, exchange relation and distribution relation appear. The primary nature's supply to mankind and its capacity of mankind's supply are unlimited, where the supply-demand relation may completely be adjusted by markets. With the intensifying activities of man's remaking nature, primary nature gradually turns into man-made nature and the unlimited nature tends to be the limited nature. Consequently, markets' regulatory role is restricted and government's macro-control is need.