技术进步、技能需求与就业结构——基于制造业微观数据的技能偏态假说检验

Technology Change, Demand for Skill and Employment Structure: An Empirical Test on the Skill-biased Technology Change Hypothesis Based on Micro-data of Manufacturing Sector

文章在对技术进步的技能偏态性理论回顾与总结的基础上,利用制造业企业的微观数据,用成本函数和生产函数形式的计量模型,对中国企业技术进步的技能偏态性进行了计量检验。研究结果表明,中国企业的技术进步在一定程度上呈现出技能偏态性的特点,导致了企业对高技能劳动力需求的增加,以及高技能劳动力所占的就业比重和收入比重的增加。同时,研究结果在一定程度上解释了劳动力市场中“技工荒”与“民工荒”并存的现象。

Based on the theoretic analysis, this paper studies the effect of technology change on the skill demand and employment structure, using trans-log cost function and production function econometric models with the data from recent survey on manufacturing firms. The result shows that the technology change of firms tends to be skill-biased, to a certain degree, and therefore it might contribute to relatively increased demand for skilled workers and their income increase. In addition, our results provide an alternative answer to the coexisting phenomena of the shortage of skilled workers with the shortage of labor force.