多民族国家和谐社会的构建与民族问题的解决——评民族问题的“去政治化”与“文化化”

The Construction of a Harmonious Society in a Multinational Country and Solution to Ethnic Problems --On "Depoliticization" and "Culturalization" of Ethnic Problems

一种包容多元、融汇一体的族际关系,是统一的多民族国家和谐社会得以顺利构建的基本前提。族际关系的和谐首先来自于制度安排是否适合国情,其次来自于针对少数民族权利保障和特别优惠的政策、措施是否有效。尽管学术视角有所不同,但民族理论和政治学都将民族问题视为一个建构于民族利益之上的政治事项。试图将民族问题“非政治化”、“去政治化”和“文化化”显然是缘木求鱼。本文从构建多民族国家和谐社会的制度与政策层面入手,分别研究了多民族国家处理国内民族问题的制度架构和政策路径,同时对一些学者关于“民族问题‘去政治化’”的理论进行了分析和探讨。

The construction of a harmonious society in a united multinational country lies in a multiple and integrated inter-ethnic relation, which relies on whether the systems arrangement applies to the national situation or not, and whether the policies and measures on safeguarding ethnic minorities＇ interests and preferential rights work or not. Though from different academic angles, both ethnology and politics view ethnic problems as a political event which is above the national interests. Any efforts to non-politicize, de-politicize and culturalize ethnie problems will be ended in vain. Starting from the systems and policies which compose the basis of the construction of a harmonious society in a multinational country, the article studies the framework of systems and roadmap of policies concerning how a multinational country deals with internal ethnic problems, and analyses the theories on “depoliticization”of ethnic problems put forward by some scholars.