北京市城区18 997名中老年男性睡眠状况及其影响因素调查

A survey on sleeping status and its influencing factors in 18 997 middleaged and elderly men in Beijing

目的:调查中老年男性的睡眠状态,分析其影响因素。方法:由专业医生以问卷应用二阶段抽样统计方法,于2004-03/08对北京市5个城区的普通社区居民中的41～60岁的中年男性(6000名)和>61岁的老年男性(14000名),共计20000名进行调查,符合年龄和性别条件愿意参加调查者即可加入填表。调查工具包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(包括7个项目,被调查者根据自己1个月来的实际情况分4个等级标准回答,分别计0～3分)和睡眠行为及影响因素表(包括入睡时间、进入睡眠时间、睡间活动、起床时间,依据所提供时间计算睡眠效率即:实际睡眠时间/卧床时间。影响因素包括20个自评条目,每项4个等级分别计0～3分:0分为无,1分为轻微,2分为较重,3分为严重。自评项目分≥2的说明该因素对睡眠质量构成影响)、一般项目调查表(包括人口统计学资料、婚姻状况、业余爱好等信息)等。全部资料用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:资料完整、准确者18997名(中年5714名,老年13283名),应答率为94.985%。①不良睡眠发生率:中年人17.2%,老年人占25.4%。②影响睡眠的生理因素:主要为咳嗽打鼾(中年38.3%,老年45.2%),多梦惊醒(中年30.5%,老年20.5%),夜间如厕(中年25.1%,老年42.4%),夜间易醒早醒(中年15.3%,老年40.6%)等。③影响睡眠的社会因素:婚姻状况婚姻状况不正常的睡眠质量不好分别占38.7%和43.1%;社会关系中经常参加社会活动的睡眠质量不好的分别占40.5%和24.3%;经济状况一般和经济状况不好的睡眠质量不好的分别占24.3%和33.7%。结论:①北京市中老年男性约20%存在睡眠质量问题,老年人睡眠质量不好的比率高于中年人。②影响睡眠的因素中主要为咳嗽打鼾、多梦惊醒、夜间如厕、夜间易醒早醒等生理因素及婚姻状况、社会关系及经济状况等社会因素。

AIM： To investigate the sleep status and analyze influence factors in the middle-aged and elderly men, METHODS： Two-stage sampling statistical method was used in our investigation by special doctor with questionnaires, 20 000 residents aged 41-60 year old middle-aged （6 000） and aged over 61 year elderly men （14 000） in 5 communities in Beijing were investigated from March to August 2004, All consistent with sex and age conditions could participate in the investigation, The investigation included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index （PSQI） （including.seven items, every item had four grade with 0-3 points, participators＇answered the questions with their actual information the last month）, sleep action and influence factors scale （sleep action included bedtime, falling asleep time, the action during sleeping, getting up time. To compute the efficiency of sleep by provided time： actual falling asleep time/bedtime. The influence factors included 20 items with 4 grades, including 0-3 points： 0 as nothing, 1 as mild, 2 as severe, 3 as most severe, The points ≥2 indicated that factor had effects on sleep quality）, and general information questionnaire （including demography data, marriage status, avocation etc）. and so on. All the data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software, RESULTS： Integrity and accurate questionnaires were 18 997 （middle aged men 5 714 and elder men 13 283）, the response rate was 94.985%, ① The incidence of sleep disorder： 17,2% among middle aged men, 25.4% among elder men, ② The physiologic influence factors on sleep quality： Cough and snore （38.3% middle aged men and 45.2% elder men）, nightmare （30.5% middle aged men and 20.5%elder men）, toilet （25.1% middle aged men and 42.4%elder men）, festless and early wake （15.3%middle aged men and 40.6% elder men） and so on, ③ The social influence factors on sleep quality： There were differently 38.7% and 43.1% among middleaged and elderly men with severe sleep disorder for bad marriage status, respectively, There were differently 40.5% and 24.3% among middle-aged and elderly men with severe sleep disorder for attending social activities, respectively, There were differently 24,3% and 33.7% among middle-aged and elderly men with severe sleep disorder for bad economic status, respectively, CONCLUSION： ① About 20% middle-aged and elderly men in Beijing have the problem of sleep quality, and the sleep quality of elder men is worse than that of middle-aged men. ② The main influence factors on sleep quality are physiologic factors, such as cough and snore, awakening with a startle in dream, toilet, festless and early sleep etc. and social factors, such as marriage status, social relationship, economic status etc.