拳击运动与中国拳术的文化审视

Cultural Review on Boxing and Chinese Boxing

通过对拳击运动与中国拳术形成与发展的分析,认为:拳击与中国拳术最初都曾是为军事服务的训练手段,也都是在冷兵器退出历史舞台之前,就脱离了军事训练,走上独立发展的道路。但在17世纪前后,则因不同的规范原则而走向了不同的发展方向。适应赌博文化的需要,拳击规则选择了公平决出胜负的竞赛规则,使现代拳击运动呈现出简练实用的技术动作与形成公平决出胜负的竞赛形式;适应表演文化与实用文化的需要,中国拳术选择了修炼身心与自助自保的发展方向,而形成了按照中国传统哲学原理组织起来的、以表现冷兵器格斗技艺的博大精深的运动体系。

Through the analysis of the emergence and evolvement of boxing and Chinese boxing, it is proposed that boxing and Chinese boxing are both the training means to service the military at the beginning. They dropped out of military training and were taken their own development ways independently before the cold weaponry withdrew from history. Around the 17th century, they developed on different orbits according to different rules. In order to fulfill the demands of gambling, the rules of boxing chose to develop based on the fair principles, which made modem boxing games appear brief and practical skills and form rules to judge success or failure fairly. As its counterpart, in order to meet the needs of performance and applied culture, Chinese boxing developed itself by cultivating physical and moral characteristics and self-protection so that it shaped an erudite sports system, which organized according to Chinese traditional philosophy so as to show the wrestling artistries of cold weapons.